Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: The effect of temperature decrease on the activity of a typical non-digestive human enzyme has to be predicted.
Concept introduction: Most of the enzymes exhibit a narrow maximum activity over a narrow
(b)
Interpretation: The effect of temperature decrease on the activity of a typical non-digestive human enzyme has to be predicted.
Concept introduction: Most of the enzymes exhibit a narrow maximum activity over a narrow
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Chapter 21 Solutions
EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, AND BIOLOGICAL CH
- Which of the following statements about the Michaelis Menten constant (Km) is correct......A. can be determined by plotting the data v/[S] against 1/[S] B. A large Km indicates a low affinity between the enzyme and the substrate C. A large Km means that a large concentration of substrate is needed for the enzyme to work D. is a measure of the affinity of enzymes for proteins, minerals and vitamins E. Small Km means that a large concentration of substrate is needed for the enzyme to workarrow_forwardWhat is the consequence of complete inhibition of all mutases in liver cells?a. Liver cannot provide free glucose to maintain blood glucose levelsb. Free glucose cannot be released from glycogenc. Glycerol cannot be converted to glucosed. The only fate of glucose-6-phosphate is to be converted to fructose-6-phosphatearrow_forwardWhich of the following is not a sterol? a. Estrogen b. Cortisol c. Cholesterol d. Bile e. Polysaccharides A friend says he is on the “keto diet” and eats no carbohydrates. His body converts his dietary protein to glucose through ________. a. hypoglycemia b. protein-deleting action c. acid-base balance d. ketosis e. gluconeogenesisarrow_forward
- Bile Salts are: a. a mixture of amphipathic molecules which emulsify fatty acids in the small intestine b. enzymes present in saliva that digest proteins into amino acids c. made by the liver and secreted from the gall bladder into the duodenum d. enzymes that digest “dietary fiber” (cellulose) in the esophagus e. enzymes present in saliva that make bread taste sweet after chewingarrow_forwardWhich statements are true of an inhibitor that binds the active site of an enzyme? Select all that apply, there may be one correct answer or several. a These inhibitors are a kind of allosteric regulator that decreases enzyme activity. b Adding more substrate can reduce the effect of these inhibitors. c These inhibitors compete with the substrate for the active site of the enzyme. d These inhibitors increase the rate of enzyme activity. e These inhibitors function by changing the shape of the enzyme, stopping if from binding to substrate.arrow_forwardThe catalytic activity of enzymes depends on the presence of appropriate environmental conditions. Pepsin is a digestive enzyme found in the stomach and facilitates the digestion of large proteins. If pepsin is removed from this acidic environment of the stomach and is instead placed in a more basic environment, it will cease to function. Describe the specific effect that a change in environmental pH will have on pepsin and explain how this change can lead to inhibition of its catalytic activity. Respond in 4 to 6 complete sentences.arrow_forward
- The “keto diet” is a dietary regimen in which carbohydrates are severely restricted, protein intake is low, and fat comprises 70–90% of daily calories. The diet causes “nutritional ketosis,” which is a different metabolic state than the ketosis that occurs in an untreated diabetic. The normal ketone body concentration is less than 0.6 mM. Explain why an individual on the keto diet may have a blood ketone body concentration of up to 3 mM. What biochemical pathways are active in an individual adhering to the keto diet? What pathways are largely inactive? Protein intake is kept low because a high-protein diet would inhibit ketosis. Explain why. Why might the keto diet lead to weight loss?arrow_forwardDuring stressful situations, some cells in the body convertglycogen to glucose. What effect does this conversion haveon cellular osmotic balance? Explain how cells handle thissituation.arrow_forwardWhich of the following la true about urease being a hydrolase enzyme? A. It catalyzes the degradetion of uracil B. It catalyzes the zynthesia C. It catalyzes the hydrolyais of urea D. It catalyzes the degradation of all amines of urea Enzyme are clasalfed Into how meny mejor groups and systematically named by how many numbere separated by dota? A. 4 groups and 6 numbera, гeaреctlvely C. 4 groupe and 4 numbera, тегресtively D. 5 groups and 2 numbera, reapectively B. 6 groups and 4 numbera, respectively Which of the following can cause the rate of enzyme activity to increase? I. Increasing the temperature starting from the optimum temperature Increasing the temperature until ít reaches the optimum temperature Decreazing the temperature atarting from the optimum temperature II. III. IV. Decreazing the temperature until it reaches the optimum temperature C. I and IV only D. II and IV only A. I and I only В. I and III only II onlyarrow_forward
- The enzyme activity is: A. to The number of grams of substrate that react to form product, per mole of enzyme, per unit of time. b. The number of moles of substrate that react to form product, per gram of enzyme, per unit time. c. The number of moles of substrate that react to form product, per mole of enzyme, per unit time d. The number of grams of substrate that react to form product, per gram of enzyme, per unit of time.arrow_forwardCells need to be buffered because A. they need to be able to increase or decrease their cytosolic pH to adapt to various environmental conditions. B. their proteins work best at low pH. C. they need to maintain a specific cytosolic pH to keep biomolecules from being ionized. D. they need to maintain a specific cytosolic pH to keep biomolecules at their optimal ionic state.arrow_forwardWhich statement below is false about the probability of the absorption of a weak base from the following data? pka 4.5, stomach pH 2.5, small intestine pH 7.5. O the substance will be mostly ionized in stomach O the substance will be mostly non-ionized in the intestine the substance can be absorbed both in stomach and small intestine O the ratio of ionized and non-ionized substance will not favor absorption in stomach the ratio of ionized and non-ionized substance will favor absorption in intestinearrow_forward
- Essentials of Pharmacology for Health ProfessionsNursingISBN:9781305441620Author:WOODROWPublisher:CengageHuman Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...BiologyISBN:9781285866932Author:Lauralee SherwoodPublisher:Cengage Learning
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