(a)
Interpretation:
To calculate
Concept introduction:
The standard enthalpy change
(b)
Interpretation:
To calculate
Concept introduction:
The standard enthalpy change
(c)
Interpretation:
To calculate
Concept introduction:
The standard enthalpy change
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EBK GENERAL CHEMISTRY
- Use data from Appendix J to calculate the enthalpy change and the Gibbs free energy change for the reduction of chromium(III) oxide by aluminum.arrow_forwardThree reactions very important to the semiconductor industry are The reduction of silicon dioxide to crude silicon, SiO2(s) + 2 C(s) → Si(s) + 2 CO(g) ΔrH° = 689.9 kJ/mol The formation of silicon tetrachloride from crude silicon, Si(s) + 2 Cl2(g) → SiCl4(g) ΔrH° = −657.01 kJ/mol The reduction of silicon tetrachloride to pure silicon with magnesium, SiCl4(g) + 2 Mg(s) → 2 MgCl2(s) + Si(s) ΔrH° = −625.6 kJ/mol Calculate the overall enthalpy change when 1.00 mol sand, SiO2, changes into very pure silicon by this series of reactions.arrow_forwardThe amount of sodium hypochlorite in a bleach solution can be determined by using a given volume of bleach to oxidize excess iodide ion to iodine; ClO- is reduced to Cl-. The amount of iodine produced by the redox reaction is determined by titration with sodium thiosulfate, Na2S2O3; I2 is reduced to I-. The sodium thiosulfate is oxidized to sodium tetrathionate, Na2S4O6. In this analysis, potassium iodide was added in excess to 5.00 mL of bleach (d=1.00g/cm3) . If 25.00 mL of 0.0700 M Na2S2O3 was required to reduce all the iodine produced by the bleach back to iodide, what is the mass percent of NaClO in the bleach?arrow_forward
- Using data in Appendix 1, estimate the temperature at which Fe2O3 can be reduced to iron, using hydrogen gas as a reducing agent (assume H2O(g) is the other product).arrow_forwardIn the commercial preparation of aluminum, aluminum oxide, Al2O3, is electrolyzed at 1000C. (The mineral cryolite is added as a solvent.) Assume that the cathode reaction is Al3+3eAl How many coulombs of electricity are required to give 3.9 kg of aluminum?arrow_forwardThe thermite reaction is written below. Show that the heat released in this reaction is sufficient for the iron to be produced as molten metal. Find the enthalpy of formation of the overall reaction. Al(s) + Where: Al ΔΗ°F= 0 Al2O3 AHF -2076 Fe AHF 0 Fe2O3 AHF -745 Fe₂O3(s)- → Al₂O3(s) + Fe(1)arrow_forward
- Electrolysis of strontium chloride gives strontium metal and chlorine gas. What mass of the chloride must be electrolyzed to form one liter of Cl2 (g)at standard temperature and pressure?arrow_forwardBalance the following chemical equation. Fe3O4(s) + H2(g) → Fe(s) + H2O(l)arrow_forward29) a 2.50 g sample of gallium absorbe 4.56 x 10^-3 kj of heat upon heating. What is the change of temperature in unit of degree Celsius of the gallium sample? Specific heat of gallium is 0.372 J/g °Carrow_forward
- One day in lab, while adding a gnarled root to a dark liquid bubbling in an iron cauldron, your friend Carmen (an expert chemist) says this: "Metal sulfides roasted with oxygen produce the corresponding oxide and sulfur dioxide gas." Using Carmen's statement, and what you already know about chemistry, predict the products of the following reaction. Be sure your chemical equation is balanced! olo Ag,s (s) → [ + 0,(8) 2 Ar NO O+0 REACTIONarrow_forwardAbout 50,000 kJ of electrical energy is required to produce 1.0 kg of Al from its Al(OH)3 ore. The major energy cost in recycling aluminum cans is the melting of the aluminum. The enthalpy of fusion of Al(s) is 10.7 kJ mol-1.Compare the energy cost for making new aluminum with that for recycling.arrow_forwardCalcium metal is obtained by direct electrolysis of molten CaCl2. If a metallurgical electrolysis apparatus operates at 24.20 A, how many grams of calcium metal will be produced in 36 hours?arrow_forward
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