Brock Biology of Microorganisms Plus Mastering Microbiology with Pearson eText -- Access Card Package (15th Edition)
15th Edition
ISBN: 9780134268668
Author: MADIGAN
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 21.1, Problem 1CR
The oxygen and carbon cycles are interconnected through the complementary activities of autotrophic and heterotrophic organisms. Microbial decomposition is the single largest source of CO2 released to the atmosphere.
Q What are methane hydrates, and why are these deposits of concern to climate scientists?
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Chapter 21 Solutions
Brock Biology of Microorganisms Plus Mastering Microbiology with Pearson eText -- Access Card Package (15th Edition)
Ch. 21.1 - How is new organic matter made in nature?Ch. 21.1 - In what ways are oxygenic photosynthesis and...Ch. 21.1 - What is a methane hydrate?Ch. 21.1 - The oxygen and carbon cycles are interconnected...Ch. 21.2 - Why does Syntrophomonas need a partner organism in...Ch. 21.2 - Prob. 2MQCh. 21.2 - What is the final product of acetogenesis?Ch. 21.2 - Prob. 1CRCh. 21.3 - What is nitrogen fixation and why is it important...Ch. 21.3 - Prob. 2MQ
Ch. 21.3 - How does the compound nitrapyrin benefit both...Ch. 21.3 - The principal form of nitrogen on Earth is N2,...Ch. 21.4 - Is H2S a substrate or a product of the...Ch. 21.4 - Prob. 2MQCh. 21.4 - Prob. 3MQCh. 21.4 - Bacteria play major roles in both the oxidative...Ch. 21.5 - In what oxidation state is Fe in Fe(OH)3? In FeS?...Ch. 21.5 - Prob. 2MQCh. 21.5 - Why is excreted organic matter important to many...Ch. 21.5 - Prob. 1CRCh. 21.6 - How does the formation of CaCO3 skeletons by...Ch. 21.6 - Prob. 2MQCh. 21.6 - Prob. 1CRCh. 21.7 - What forms of mercury are most toxic to organisms?Ch. 21.7 - Prob. 2MQCh. 21.7 - Prob. 3MQCh. 21.7 - Prob. 1CRCh. 21.8 - What is the greenhouse effect and what causes it?Ch. 21.8 - What is the fate of most nitrogen used in...Ch. 21.8 - Why are the OMZs expanding and what are the likely...Ch. 21.8 - Prob. 1CRCh. 21 - Compare and contrast the carbon, sulfur, and...Ch. 21 - 14C-labeled cellulose is added to a vial...Ch. 21 - Prob. 3AQ
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- Carbon can be sequestered in the ocean in a variety of forms. Discuss the different forms, their biological sources, and how global warming will influence themarrow_forwardIf 99% of all gases in the atmosphere (excluding water vapor) are nitrogen and oxygen, why aren’t climate researchers focused on changes in the concentrations of these gases?arrow_forwardwhat can we do to help reduce the amount of pollutants such as CO, SO2, NO2, HCl, NO3 in the atmosphere which alleviate Global warming? please explainarrow_forward
- The concentration of carbon dioxide has been rising in the Earth’s atmosphere at an unprecedented rate.  Explain why this increase is happening in terms of chemical reactions and emissions sources.  Identify two ecosystem consequences of this enrichment.  Describe some ways the problem can be addressed.arrow_forwardWhat is the global warming potential of methane when compared to carbon dioxide?arrow_forwardIllustrate and explain the following using a diagram: 1. Three ways that carbon can enter the ocean in the carbon cycle.arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements about the carbon dioxide emitted to the atmosphere by human activities each year is most accurate? Â a. About half of it remains in the atmosphere and the other half is split equally between uptake by the oceans and vegetation. Â b. Nearly all of it remains in the atmosphere. Â c. About half of it dissolves in the oceans. Â d. On an annual basis, human-caused emissions of carbon dioxide are small compared to volcanic emissions. Â e. Human-caused emission of carbon dioxide is much greater than that emitted by respiration of all plants, animals, and microorganisms.arrow_forwardHow is atmospheric carbon dioxide different than carbon emissions?arrow_forwardwhat can we do to help reduce the amount of pollutants such as CO, SO2, NO2, HCl, NO3 in the atmosphere which alleviate Global warming?arrow_forward
- please draw! Model/diagram the sources and sinks of carbon in the global ecosystem. You will need to create TWO models/diagrams of the sources and sinks of carbon. In the first model diagram the sources and sinks of carbon in a natural, pre-industrial landscape. In the second model, diagram the sources and sinks of carbon in a landscape altered by human activity and industry. Finally, write a few short sentences on what you would expect the atmospheric levels of CO2 to be in each model and why they would or would not be similar.arrow_forwardWhat effect does a high carbon level have on the deep ocean? Why might it be important to keep an eye on the deep ocean carbon levels? What could that one number tell you about the cycle as a whole?arrow_forwardGlobal Carbon Dioxide Cycling Expressed as Human Equivalents If 3 x 1014 kg of CO2 are cycled through the biosphere annually, how many human equivalents (70-Kg people composed of 18% carbon by weight) could be produced each year from this amount of CO2?arrow_forward
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