EBK LIFE: THE SCIENCE OF BIOLOGY
11th Edition
ISBN: 8220103935432
Author: Sadava
Publisher: MAC HIGHER
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Chapter 21.1, Problem 2R
Summary Introduction
To review:
The importance of using homologous characters in the construction of phylogenetic tree.
Introduction:
Phylogeny is the study of biological species and their entities. It is considered that all the life present on the earth has one common ancestry. In order to understand the ancestry, phylogenetic tree is designed.
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Chapter 21 Solutions
EBK LIFE: THE SCIENCE OF BIOLOGY
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- How do we actually construct a phylogenetic tree?arrow_forwardWhat is the purpose of using an “outgroup” when reconstructing a phylogenetic tree?arrow_forwardThe number of possible trees resulting from phylogenetic analysis grows exponentially with the number taxa, such that in a 22 taxon analysis there are more possible unrooted trees than there are stars in the universe. A) True B) False C) It depends on the inference method and optimality criteria used. D) Number of taxa and number of unrooted tree possibilities are unrelated in phylogenetic analysis.arrow_forward
- Do you find it easy to interpret phylogenetic trees? What aspects are the most challenging or what aspects of the tree can be easily misinterpreted? What strategies can students use to correct or avoid these common misinterpretations? Do you consider phylogenetic trees to be reliable indicators of evolutionary relationships? Include a reference.arrow_forwardHow can we use morphological traits to determine branching patterns on phylogenetic trees?arrow_forwardWithin the field of phylogenetics, what does a “bootstrap value” represent? (write/make 3 points for this question)arrow_forward
- Some organisms that appear very closely related on a phylogenetic tree may not actually be closely related. Why is this?arrow_forwardWhich statement is usually true about phylogenetic trees? a) nodes represent points when traits have evolved b) branch tips that are next to each other are more closely related c) the branching pattern describes the hypothesized evolutionary relationships between the taxa d) the order of the branch tips (left to right) indicates which taxa are more advanced evolutionarilyarrow_forwardDescribe at least one reason that the traditional phylogenetic tree model may require modification.arrow_forward
- Do these phylogenetic trees tell the same story?arrow_forwardIn the last lab while creating a phylogenetic tree using PAUP/CIPRES, Fagus grandifolia was specified as the outgroup . Why is this step important? If the outgroup is not specified, PAUP or CIPRES will produce an unrooted tree in which outgroup is not connected to the rest of the tree by a common ancestor If the outgroup is not specified, PAUP or CIPRES will produce an unrooted tree in which the outgroup might not branch off prior to the common ancestor of the organisms under study O If the outgroup is not specified, PAUP or CIIPRES will produce an unrooted tree. Unrooted trees do not follow the Law of Parsimony All options are incorrectarrow_forwardCompare phylogenetic trees created using DNA data with phylogenetic trees created using chromosomal banding patterns. Which technique do you think is more valuable and why?arrow_forward
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