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Concept explainers
To review:
The sister group to the seed plants among the taxa provided.
Given:
Table 1 shows data matrix in order to reconstruct the phylogeny of the plants present on the land:
Table 1: Data matrix for reconstructing the phylogeny.
Introduction:
A phylogenetic tree is used to show to the history of the evolution of species, genes, and populations. These trees are based on the biochemical attributes, physical structures, and behavior of the genes. The various elements of the tree are called taxa. They can be animals, plants, humans, mammals, and others. It consists of the clade, which is the situation, where the taxon consists of all the evolutionary traits of the ancestor. The species who are the closest relative of the other species is called sister species. The two clades who are the closest relatives of each other are called sister clade.
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Chapter 21 Solutions
EBK LIFE: THE SCIENCE OF BIOLOGY
- Draw a tree depicting our current understanding of land plant phylogeny. Include the four major groups of land plants at the tips of your tree, label the common ancestor of land plants, and mark where each of the critical innovations arose: embryo, sporopollenin, vascular tissue, seeds, flowers.arrow_forwardFILL UP THE TABLE WITH 1=PRESENT AND 0=ABSENT Xylem Wood and Phloem Seeds Chloroplast Cuticle and Flower Chlamydomonas Marchantia Psilotum Gingko |xora Construct a phylogenetic tree for the following OTU and use bars to denote their apomorphiesarrow_forwardDraw a phylogeny of the following groups of the Archiplastida: red algae, charophytes, mosses, lycophytes, pterophytes, gymnosperms, angiosperms. Mark on the phylogeny at least six evolutionary transitions in life cycle. Can you please draw on a sheet of paperarrow_forward
- Now you will practice identifying the phylogenetic tree that corresponds to a given character table. The following table shows three key events in the evolution of plants: the development of vascular tissue, the development of flowers, and the development of seeds. Plant groups Vascular Tissue Flowers Seeds Gymnosperms 1 0 1 Mosses 0 0 0 Ferns 1 0 0 Angiosperms 1 1 1 Select the phylogenetic tree that correctly represents the data in the character table.arrow_forwardCreate a hypothetical phylogenetic tree using 11 plant species listed below. Chara, Nitella, Marchantia, Polytrichum, Equistem, Psilotum, Polypodium, Pinus, Zamia, Arabidopsis, and Lilium. Divide the species into five specific groups (Charophytes, Bryophytes, Monolithophytes, Gymnosperms, and Angiosperms) which will be the clades of your phylogenetic tree.arrow_forwardMake a schematic diagram summarizing the methodology of "Seed plant phylogeny inferred from all three plant genomes: Monophyly of extant gymnospersm and origin of Gnetales from conifers" by Shu-Miaw Chaw, Christopher L. Parkinson, Yuchang Cheng, Thomas M. Vincent, and Jeffrey D. Palmer.arrow_forward
- the charophytes are at the base of the phylogenetic line of land plants. True or Falsearrow_forwardRecent DNA evidence suggests to some plant taxonomists that the traditional way of classifying flowering plants is not correct, and that flowering plants need to be completely reclassified. Other botanists disagree, saying it would be chaotic and unwise to disregard the historical classification groups. Argue for an against keeping traditional classification schemes.arrow_forwardCertain eudicot clades contain plants with many relictual features. Name and describe several.arrow_forward
- Construct a cladogram based on the following data. Mosses are plants with no vascular tissue. Horsetails, ferns, gymnosperms (pines and other plants with naked seeds), and angiosperms (flowering plants) are all vascularplants. Seeds are absent in all but the gymnosperms and angiosperms. Angiosperms are the only seed plants with flowersarrow_forwardHow does the cladogram relate to many botanists referring to land plants asembryophytes?arrow_forwardCompare and contrast the three bryophyte groups in terms of distinguishing morphoanatomical features, reproduction, diversity and habitat. Bryophyte Group Criteria Hornworts Liverworts Mosses Gametophyte Morphology Dioicous/Monoicous* Asexual Reproduction Presence of conducting cells Photosynthetic Parts Presence of Stomata Presence of Cuticle Sporophyte Morphology/Appearance Other Distinct Features/Structures Habitat/Distribution No. of Species Worldwide Summary of Key Similarities Summary of Key Differencesarrow_forward
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