EBK LIFE: THE SCIENCE OF BIOLOGY
11th Edition
ISBN: 8220103935432
Author: Sadava
Publisher: MAC HIGHER
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Chapter 21.4, Problem 3R
Summary Introduction
To review:
The classification which is consistent with the goal of including only monophyletic groups.
Given:
Classification one: | |
Named group Amphibian Mammalia Reptilian Aves |
Included taxa Frogs, salamanders, and caecilians Mammals Lizards, turtles, and crocodiles Birds |
Classification two: | |
Named group Amphibia Mammalia Reptilian |
Included taxa Frogs, salamanders, and caecilians Mammals Lizards, turtles, crocodiles, and birds |
Classification three: | |
Named group Amphibian Homothermia Reptilia |
Included taxa Frogs, salamanders, and caecilians Mammals and birds Lizards, turtles, and crocodiles |
Introduction:
There are three types of classification category. They are monophyletic, polyphyletic, and paraphyletic. Monophyletic is the group which has an ancestor and all the descendants are of the ancestor. Polyphyletic is the group which does not include any common ancestors in the group of organisms. Paraphyletic is the group which includes ancestors but some of the descendants are of the ancestors.
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Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
List one similarity and one difference between the groups
listed below. If a term appears in parentheses after the pair,
both your answers must be related to that term (e.g. if the
term says "structure" your answer must relate to anatomy).
Taxonomic classifications are not acceptable as answers. For
example, "Both belong to phylum Chordata" or "One belongs
to class Insecta and one belongs to class Arachnida" are both
unacceptable answers. Vague answers will receive less or no
credit.
• Porifera & Cnidaria (body plan)
身
Which of the following statements is true based on the phylogeny shown in the
figure?
Mammalia
Theria
undefined
Eutheria
Monotremata
Metatheria
Rodentia
Primates
Artiodactyla
Carnivora
Canidae
Felidae
Felidae are members are the Carnivora clade, but not the Theria clade.
Primates are members of the Eutheria and Mammalia clades.
Rodents are members of the Eutheria and Carnivora clades.
Monotremata are members of the Eutheria and Mammalia clades.
After examining the different specimens, construct a dichotomous key to the different phyla.
Construct a dichotomous key to the classes of Subphylum VERTEBRATA;
according to observable morphological features.
Class Amphibia (specimen: Rhinella marina (toad)),
Class Reptilia (specimen: Coura amboinensis (turtle), Hemidactylus (house
lizard), Elaphe erythrura (snake)),
Class Aves (specimen: Gallus gallus (chicken)),
Class Mammalia (specimen: Homo sapiens (human))
Chapter 21 Solutions
EBK LIFE: THE SCIENCE OF BIOLOGY
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- Create a Venn Diagram to show the relatedness of these organisms. Start with the trait that is shared by all the organisms on the outside. Inside each box, write the organisms that have only that set of traits. Comparative Morphology Data. Using your text and prior knowledge, determine the morphological characteristics of the organisms in table. For every characteristic the organism possesses, put a check in that box. Limbs Has Organism Multicellular Segmented Body Jaws Hair (not fins) Bone Amoeba Sponge Earthworm Shark Lizard Kangaroo Dolphin Cat Molecular Evidence. Cytochrome c is a protein located in the mitochondria of cells involved with cellular respiration. Compare each organism's Cytochrome CDNA sequences with the ancestor cell and each other. Circle or highlight the differences (mutations) present in the cytochrome CDNA sequences from ancestor cell. ANCESTOR CE A TTAG CGACCAGTATAT C CTACA ATC CGT C TACTT CATTO ATTAGCG A CC AGTTTATCC TACAATC CCGTCTACTTCAT 11 ATTATCG AC CA G TT…arrow_forwardReview the organisms classified below. Identify the one organism that is most distant (farthest away) from the other three organisms in terms of relatedness. F2 Order Suborder Superfamily Family Genus Species F3 4 Organism 1 Primates Haplorrhini Hominoidea Pongidae Pongo pygmaeus DII % 5 ▬▬▬ F5 Q * 6 F6 Organism 2 Primates Strepsirrhini Lemuroidea Lemuridae Lemur catta 12 F7 7 (9 PrtScn Organism 3 Primates Haplorrhini Hominoidea Pongidae Pan troglodytes F8 8 Home F9 9 Organism 4 Primates Haplorrhini Cercopithecoidea Cercopithecidae Papio anubis End F10 PgUp PgDnarrow_forwardDefine the following terms in your own words: Taxonomy Classification Description Hierarchy Identification Nomenclature Systematics Phylogeny Character Analogous character Homologous character Character state Clade Cladogramarrow_forward
- Select clades from the list provided below to show a legitimate evolutionary path that led to the evolution of the blue-headed wrasse. The clades are listed in alphabetical order. Include all clades to which this species belongs. Ignore the clades to which this species does not belong. I started by writing the broadest two clades that apply (see below). Actinopterygii Chondrichthyes Chordata Cyclostomata Gnathostomata Osteichthyes Sarcopterygii Teleostei Tetrapoda Vertebrataarrow_forwardThrough the phylogenetic tree of major groups of vertebrates provided below, answer the given table by numbering each node (the point where branches intersect) in the diagram. Then list the names of each group and write down the shared characteristic(s) of it. You may add more rows if needed. Node Number Animal Group 1 Animal Group 2 Animal Group 1&2 Shared Characteristicsarrow_forwardHelp me pleasearrow_forward
- List one similarity and one difference between the pairs listed below. If a term appears in parentheses after the pair, both.your answers must be related to that term (e.g. if the term says "structure" your answer must relate to anatomy). Taxonomic classifications are not acceptable as answers. For example, "Both belong to phylum Chordata" or "One belongs to class Insecta and one belongs to class Arachnida" are both unacceptable answers. Vague answers will receive less or no credit. • Shark rectal gland vs. malpighian tubule Similarity Differencearrow_forwardCallinectes sapidus is the scientific name of the blue crab. Crabs belong to phylum Arthropoda. Which taxa (Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and/or species) are you able to classify this crab to? Hint: there are five.arrow_forwardDraw a phylogenythat accurately portrays the evolutionary relationships among the organisms listed. Each organism listed should be at the tip of a branch on the tree. Use the internet to discover what type of organisms they are, and refer to the textbook and course notes as you determine the relationships among these organisms. Label the phylogeny with each of the 6 species listed and write on the tree where the following derived traits evolved: specialized tissues, radial symmetry, bilateral symmetry, deuterostomy, protostomy, and ecdysozoan cuticle (the need for an animal to molt in order to grow). Anthopleura xanthogrammica Giant Green Anemone Chondrocladia lyra. harp sponge Diadema antillarum black sea urchin Euphasia superba. Antarctic krill Phrynosoma cornutum. horny toad Taenia saginata. beef tapewormarrow_forward
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