Principles of Biology
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781259875120
Author: Robert Brooker, Eric P. Widmaier Dr., Linda Graham Dr. Ph.D., Peter Stiling Dr. Ph.D.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 21.2, Problem 1TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
An evolutionary history of group of species; phylogeny can be constructed by studying the similarities and differences between species. Biologists have drawn diagrams which look like branches of a tree representing evolutionary relationship between different taxa based on morphological and genetic data.
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A phylogenetic tree represents...
a hypothesis about evolutionary relationships
a branch point for species
Binomial nomenclature
Relationship between sister taxa
Breakdown between large groups like kingdoms and small groups like species
Which of the following is a problem with applying the phylogenetic species concept?
Some individuals we think are different species can interbreed
Some individuals look exceedingly similar
Increased DNA sequencing could lead to different definitions of species
No one knows how to make a phylogeny
Phylogenetic trees are diagrams used to reflect evolutionary relationships among organisms or groups of organisms. _______ trees have a single ancestral line to which all organisms in the diagram relate to. ______ do not have a common ancestor but do show relationships among species.
Chapter 21 Solutions
Principles of Biology
Ch. 21.1 - Refer back to Figure 4.8. Which of the three...Ch. 21.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 21.1 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 21.1 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 21.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 21.2 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 21.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 21.2 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 21.2 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 21.3 - What shared derived character is common to the...
Ch. 21.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 21.3 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 21.3 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 21.4 - Prob. 1BCCh. 21.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 21.4 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 21.4 - An analysis of the number of neutral genetic...Ch. 21.5 - Prob. 1CCCh. 21.5 - Which of the following is an example of horizontal...Ch. 21 - Prob. 1TYCh. 21 - Which of the following is the correct order of the...Ch. 21 - Which type of taxon consists of organisms with the...Ch. 21 - Prob. 4TYCh. 21 - Prob. 5TYCh. 21 - Prob. 6TYCh. 21 - Prob. 7TYCh. 21 - Prob. 8TYCh. 21 - The concept that the preferred hypothesis is (lie...Ch. 21 - Prob. 10TYCh. 21 - Prob. 1CCQCh. 21 - What is a molecular clock? How is it used in...Ch. 21 - Prob. 3CCQCh. 21 - Prob. 1CBQCh. 21 - Prob. 2CBQ
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- Structures shared by species because of descent from a common ancestor is referred to as... Group of answer choices homology cladistics analogy homoplasy taxonomyarrow_forwardUse the following matrix to create a phylogenetic tree showing the relationship of the species. Mark the position of species and traits on your tree. (Hint: the Jellyfish is the outgroup). 1: is to represent the presence of the traits 0: is to represent the absence of the traitsarrow_forwardWhich of the following is the highest (most inclusive) level in the taxonomic hierarchy? Question 2 options: Class Genus Family Species Orderarrow_forward
- When using a cladistic approach to systematics, which of the following is considered most important for the formation of a taxon? Question 26 options: polyphyletic characters shared derived characters overall phenotypic similarity analogous charactersarrow_forwardWhich species concept defines a species as a group of individuals that can reproduce and produce fertile offspring? Morphological species concept Darwinian species concept Phylogenetic species concept Biological species conceptarrow_forwardDraw a simple phylogenetic tree for two sisters clades with a common ancestor. Each sister clade consists of two taxa. Define the following terms and use to label your diagram: clade, node, branch, common ancestor, and taxon.arrow_forward
- For novice biologists, taxonomy and phylogenetics are difficult concepts to understand and keep separate. This confusion is made worse because modern taxonomic methods make use of molecular tools. Write an essay that contrasts taxonomy to phylogenetics and explain how both disciplines are important to our understanding of species and evolution. Your essay should include a description of taxonomy and phylogenetics, as well as a detailed explanation about how information is represented in a phylogenetic tree or a cladogram.arrow_forwardBelow are phylogenetic trees depicting the relationships among four species, A, B, C, and D. Which of the following statements is correct? Tree (1) and Tree (2) are the same tree. Tree (2) and Tree (4) are the same tree. Tree (2) and Tree (3) are the same tree. All four trees are in fact the same tree. All four trees are in fact different trees.arrow_forwardA monophyletic group is a ______. a. phylogenetic tree b. shared derived trait c. character state d. cladearrow_forward
- Circle which of the phylogenetic trees is/are different from the one at the top:arrow_forwardSystematics involves the classification into groups with a focus on evolutionary relationships. True or False An artificial system of classification involves groupings organisms based on similarities and identifying shared characteristics. True or falsearrow_forwardWhich of the following is TRUE about a phylogenetic tree? It provides a drawing the reflects the proven relationships between living and extinct species. b It provides a hypothetical model of the relationships between extinct species. c It provides a hypothetical model of the relationships between living and extinct species. d It a diagram used by scientists that provides a model of evolutionary relationships without the need for scientific data.arrow_forward
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Phylogenetic Mysteries: Crash Course Zoology #12; Author: CrashCourse;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cVaw7nF72Aw;License: Standard youtube license