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Concept explainers
Interpretation:
The three products are formed from pyruvate under aerobic, anaerobic and fermentation conditions should be explained.
Concept Introduction:
Aerobic and anaerobic: In the presence of oxygen or required oxygen to live.
Aerobic: The system that moves your blood through your lunges, where it is loaded with oxygen and then distributes it to every part of your body.
Anaerobic: It is a threshold is the exertion level between aerobic and anaerobic training. The AT is the point during exercise when your body must switch from aerobic to anaerobic
Fermentation: All cells are able to synthesis ATP via the process of glycolysis, in many cells, if oxygen is not present, pyruvate is metabolised in a process called fermentation. This process in which a substance breaks down into a simpler substance, the microorganism (yeast, bacteria) usually play a role in the fermentation process.
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Chapter 22 Solutions
EBK FUNDAMENTALS OF GENERAL, ORGANIC, A
- a) How many moles of ATP can be gained from the catabolism of the following substrates to pyruvate? 2 Mole mannose 2 Mole lactose mole glycerol. b) Name three metabolic processes in the cell that are enhanced and two that are inhibited in response to the hormone insulinarrow_forwardWhat is a common source of pyruvate?arrow_forwardWhere does the break down of pyruvate using oxygen takes place?arrow_forward
- What is the cost (in ATP equivalents) of transforming glucose to pyruvate via glycolysis and back again to glucose via gluconeogenesis?arrow_forwardWhy is pyruvate not oxidized to CO2 and H2O underanaerobic conditions?arrow_forwardWhich reactions of glycolysis can be reversed? Which are irreversible? What is the significance of the metabolically irreversible reactions?arrow_forward
- Describe the three possible fates of pyruvate.arrow_forwardWhat metabolic products are formed from pyruvate in each case: a) anaerobic conditions in the body b) anaerobic conditions in yeast c) aerobic conditionsarrow_forwardWhich steps of aerobic metabolism of pyruvate through the citric acid cycle are control points?arrow_forward
- The last step of glycolysis converts phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate. Several intermediates involved in the steps for the conversion of pyruvate to phosphoenolpyruvate via gluconeogenesis are given. Choose and place the right intermediates produced from these steps in the correct order. (Select from: Oxaloacetate, Ethanol, Pyruvate, Ketoglutarate, Phosphoenolpyruvate, Malate, Fumarate) _________ → _________ → _________ → __________ → Phosphoenolpyruvatearrow_forwardOf the 36 molecules of ATP produced by the complete metabolism of glucose, how many are produced directly in glycolysis alone, that is, before the common pathway?arrow_forwardOutline the conditions that direct pyruvate toward the following:(a) Entry into the citric acid cycle(b) Conversion to ethanol and CO2(c) Conversion to lactate(d) Glucose synthesis (gluconeogenesis)In what tissues or organisms is each pathway present?arrow_forward
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