Chapter 22, Problem 22.39P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The major product with detailed mechanism for the given nitration reaction is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Sulfonation is the incorporation of ${\text{SO}}_{\text{3}}\text{H}$ group to aromatic ring, and the reverse of sulfonation is desulfonation where the ${\text{SO}}_{\text{3}}\text{H}$ group can be removed from the aromatic ring. Desulfonation reaction can be carried out by reacting the aryl sulfonic acid with water in an acidic condition. The reaction proceeds with electrophilic addition of proton followed by elimination of ${\text{SO}}_{\text{3}}\text{H}$.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The major product with detailed mechanism for the given nitration reaction is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Sulfonation is the incorporation of ${\text{SO}}_{\text{3}}\text{H}$ group to aromatic ring, and the reverse of sulfonation is desulfonation where the ${\text{SO}}_{\text{3}}\text{H}$ group can be removed from the aromatic ring. Desulfonation reaction can be carried out by reacting aryl sulfonic acid with water in an acidic condition. The reaction proceeds with electrophilic addition of proton followed by elimination of ${\text{SO}}_{\text{3}}\text{H}$.