Pearson eText Fundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry -- Instant Access (Pearson+)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780135213759
Author: John McMurry, David Ballantine
Publisher: PEARSON+
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Question
Chapter 22, Problem 22.74CP
(a)
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
Which enzyme involved in pyruvate into lactate conversion has to be given.
Concept Introduction:
Aerobic: The system that moves your blood through your lunges, where it is loaded with oxygen and then distributes it to every part of your body.
Anaerobic: It is a threshold is the exertion level between aerobic and anaerobic training. The AT is the point during exercise when your body must switch from aerobic to anaerobic
(b)
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
Which enzyme involved in pyruvate into acetyl co-enzyme has to be given.
Concept Introduction:
Citric acid cycle
- This is a series of enzyme-catalysed
chemical reactions , which is of central importance in all living cells that use oxygen as part ofcellular respiration . - This cycle initially with the transfer of a two-carbon acetyl group from acetyl-CoA (co-enzyme) to the four-carbon acceptor compound (oxaloacetate) to from a sis-carbon compound like citrate.
- The citrate than goes through a series of chemical transformation, losing two carbonyl groups as the carbon dioxide.
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The complete oxidation of palmitoyl-CoA to carbon dioxide and water is presented by the overall equation:
Palmitoyl-CoA + 23O2 + 108Pi + 108 ATP + 23H2O → CoA + 16 CO2 + 108 ATP + 23H2O
Water is also produced in the reaction
ADP + Pi → ATP + H2O
But not included as a product in the overall equation. Why?
In order for fatty acids to enter the mitochondria to be catabolized via β-oxidation, they must first be reacted with coenzyme A (reaction ①). Use the equations below to answer parts a-c.
① Fatty Acid + CoA → Fatty Acid—CoA ΔG = ???
② ATP → AMP + PPi ΔG = ─45.6 kJ/mol
③ PPi → 2 Pi ΔG = ─19.2 kJ/mol
④ Fatty Acid + ATP + CoA → FA—CoA + AMP + 2 Pi ΔG = ─34 kJ/mol
a) Calculate ΔG for reaction 1.
b) Suppose the formation of the fatty acid--CoA proceeded via the reaction of ATP to ADP instead of AMP. Calculate ΔG for reaction 5.
① Fatty Acid + CoA → Fatty Acid—CoA ΔG = from part a
② ATP → ADP + Pi ΔG = ─30.5 kJ/mol
⑤ Fatty Acid + ATP + CoA → FA—CoA + ADP + Pi ΔG = ??? kJ
c) So why does the…
For each of the central pathway intermediates given below, calculate how many ATP equivalents can be generated by complete oxidation of the compound to CO2:
1. Acetyl-CoA
2. Pyruvate
3. GAP (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate)
And please explain why.
Chapter 22 Solutions
Pearson eText Fundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry -- Instant Access (Pearson+)
Ch. 22.2 - Prob. 22.1PCh. 22.2 - Prob. 22.2PCh. 22.3 - Prob. 22.3PCh. 22.3 - Prob. 22.4PCh. 22.3 - Prob. 22.5PCh. 22.3 - Prob. 22.6KCPCh. 22.4 - Prob. 22.1CIAPCh. 22.4 - Prob. 22.2CIAPCh. 22.4 - Prob. 22.3CIAPCh. 22.4 - Explain the chemical process that leads to...
Ch. 22.4 - Prob. 22.5CIAPCh. 22.4 - Prob. 22.7PCh. 22.4 - Prob. 22.8PCh. 22.5 - In alcoholic fermentation, each mole of pyruvate...Ch. 22.5 - Name three ways humans have exploited the ability...Ch. 22.5 - Pyruvate has three different fates. What are the...Ch. 22.6 - Prob. 22.12PCh. 22.6 - Prob. 22.13PCh. 22.7 - Prob. 22.14PCh. 22.7 - Prob. 22.15PCh. 22.7 - Prob. 22.16KCPCh. 22.7 - Prob. 22.6CIAPCh. 22.7 - Prob. 22.7CIAPCh. 22.7 - Prob. 22.8CIAPCh. 22.8 - Prob. 22.17PCh. 22.8 - Prob. 22.18PCh. 22.9 - Prob. 22.19PCh. 22.9 - Prob. 22.20PCh. 22.9 - Prob. 22.21PCh. 22.9 - Prob. 22.9CIAPCh. 22.9 - Prob. 22.10CIAPCh. 22.9 - Prob. 22.11CIAPCh. 22.9 - Prob. 22.12CIAPCh. 22 - What class of enzymes catalyzes the majority of...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.23UKCCh. 22 - Prob. 22.24UKCCh. 22 - Prob. 22.25UKCCh. 22 - Classify each enzyme of glycolysis into one of the...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.27UKCCh. 22 - Name the molecules used for gluconeogenesis. What...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.31APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.32APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.33APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.34APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.35APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.36APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.37APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.38APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.39APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.40APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.41APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.42APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.43APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.44APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.45APCh. 22 - Review the 10 steps in glycolysis (Figure 22.3)...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.47APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.49APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.50APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.51APCh. 22 - How many moles of acetyl-CoA are produced by the...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.53APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.54APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.55APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.56APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.57APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.58APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.59APCh. 22 - Why does glycogenolysis use fewer steps than the...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.61APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.62APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.63APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.64APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.65APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.66APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.67APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.68APCh. 22 - Why can pyruvate cross the mitochondrial membrane...Ch. 22 - Look at the glycolysis pathway (Figure 22.3). With...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.71CPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.72CPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.74CPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.75CPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.76CPCh. 22 - Why is it important for the cell that the NADH...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.78CPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.79CPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.80CPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.81CPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.82GPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.83GPCh. 22 - It is important to avoid air when making wine, so...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.85GP
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