Pearson eText Fundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry -- Instant Access (Pearson+)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780135213759
Author: John McMurry, David Ballantine
Publisher: PEARSON+
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Textbook Question
Chapter 22, Problem 22.70CP
Look at the glycolysis pathway (Figure 22.3). With what type of reactions are kinase enzymes usually associated?
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Look at the glycolysis pathway (Figure 22.3). With what type of reactions are kinase enzymes usually associated?
Kinases catalyze the transfer of a phosphate group from a phosphate donor such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to a substrate. A well‑known kinase is hexokinase. Hexokinase catalyzes the first step of the glycolysis cycle, and converts glucose to glucose‑6‑phosphate.
The reaction of glucose with ATP is shown. The enzyme‑bound base is abbreviated as :B−, and ATP is abbreviated as a diphosphate bonded to adenosine monophosphate (AMP).
Kinases catalyze the transfer of a phosphate group from a phosphate donor such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to a substrate. A well‑known kinase is hexokinase. Hexokinase catalyzes the first step of the glycolysis cycle, and converts glucose to glucose‑6‑phosphate.
The reaction of glucose with ATP is shown. The enzyme‑bound base is abbreviated as :B−, and ATP is abbreviated as a diphosphate bonded to adenosine monophosphate (AMP).
The first arrow of the reaction mechanism is drawn for you; draw the remaining curved arrows to show how phosphorylation occurs.
Chapter 22 Solutions
Pearson eText Fundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry -- Instant Access (Pearson+)
Ch. 22.2 - Prob. 22.1PCh. 22.2 - Prob. 22.2PCh. 22.3 - Prob. 22.3PCh. 22.3 - Prob. 22.4PCh. 22.3 - Prob. 22.5PCh. 22.3 - Prob. 22.6KCPCh. 22.4 - Prob. 22.1CIAPCh. 22.4 - Prob. 22.2CIAPCh. 22.4 - Prob. 22.3CIAPCh. 22.4 - Explain the chemical process that leads to...
Ch. 22.4 - Prob. 22.5CIAPCh. 22.4 - Prob. 22.7PCh. 22.4 - Prob. 22.8PCh. 22.5 - In alcoholic fermentation, each mole of pyruvate...Ch. 22.5 - Name three ways humans have exploited the ability...Ch. 22.5 - Pyruvate has three different fates. What are the...Ch. 22.6 - Prob. 22.12PCh. 22.6 - Prob. 22.13PCh. 22.7 - Prob. 22.14PCh. 22.7 - Prob. 22.15PCh. 22.7 - Prob. 22.16KCPCh. 22.7 - Prob. 22.6CIAPCh. 22.7 - Prob. 22.7CIAPCh. 22.7 - Prob. 22.8CIAPCh. 22.8 - Prob. 22.17PCh. 22.8 - Prob. 22.18PCh. 22.9 - Prob. 22.19PCh. 22.9 - Prob. 22.20PCh. 22.9 - Prob. 22.21PCh. 22.9 - Prob. 22.9CIAPCh. 22.9 - Prob. 22.10CIAPCh. 22.9 - Prob. 22.11CIAPCh. 22.9 - Prob. 22.12CIAPCh. 22 - What class of enzymes catalyzes the majority of...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.23UKCCh. 22 - Prob. 22.24UKCCh. 22 - Prob. 22.25UKCCh. 22 - Classify each enzyme of glycolysis into one of the...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.27UKCCh. 22 - Name the molecules used for gluconeogenesis. What...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.31APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.32APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.33APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.34APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.35APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.36APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.37APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.38APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.39APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.40APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.41APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.42APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.43APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.44APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.45APCh. 22 - Review the 10 steps in glycolysis (Figure 22.3)...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.47APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.49APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.50APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.51APCh. 22 - How many moles of acetyl-CoA are produced by the...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.53APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.54APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.55APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.56APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.57APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.58APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.59APCh. 22 - Why does glycogenolysis use fewer steps than the...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.61APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.62APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.63APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.64APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.65APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.66APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.67APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.68APCh. 22 - Why can pyruvate cross the mitochondrial membrane...Ch. 22 - Look at the glycolysis pathway (Figure 22.3). With...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.71CPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.72CPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.74CPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.75CPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.76CPCh. 22 - Why is it important for the cell that the NADH...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.78CPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.79CPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.80CPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.81CPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.82GPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.83GPCh. 22 - It is important to avoid air when making wine, so...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.85GP
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- Several of the enzymes of glycolysis fall into classes that often occurs in metabolism. Describe ONLY ONE reaction types are catalzed by each of the following. Kinasesarrow_forwarda) What would be the effect on glycogen degradation if a mutation prevents the subunits of protein kinase A from dissociating? b) Effect of the substrate analog below on glycogen synthesis. CH3 OH HOL OPO3-² OHarrow_forwardWhat type of enzyme is responsible for initiating the process of glycolysis? O Hydrolase O Phosphorylase O Kinase O Phosphatasearrow_forward
- The three irriversible reactions in glycosis is : Hexoknase, PFK-1 and Pryvate kinases. they are all enzymes, why these three enzymes are irriversible? the explaination below is not very understandble. "Hexokinase: This enzyme catalyzes the conversion of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate. This reaction consumes ATP and traps glucose inside the cell by converting it into a charged and phosphorylated form. Phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1): This enzyme catalyzes the conversion of fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate. This reaction is the committed step of glycolysis, and it is also the main regulatory point of the pathway. PFK-1 is allosterically inhibited by ATP and citrate and activated by AMP and fructose-2,6-bisphosphate. Pyruvate kinase: This enzyme catalyzes the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to pyruvate, producing ATP. This reaction is the last step of glycolysis and is also highly regulated. Pyruvate kinase is allosterically activated by fructose-1,6-bisphosphate…arrow_forwardWhich type of enzyme (Table) catalyzes the following (given) reactions?arrow_forwardOOC H H fumarase Fumarate S-malate What class of enzyme most likely catalyzes the reaction shown in the figure? choose the one best answer) Oxidoreductase COO H₂O HR IIII... Hs OOC OH COO IIIHarrow_forward
- PTGS1 and PTGS2 are isozymes. Isozymes catalyze the same reaction, but are separate genes. What types of reactions to PTGS enzymes catalyze? Also, what pathway are these enzymes a part of?arrow_forwardExplain the general steps in the pathway (use figure 8.53). Make sure to include an explanation of the proteolytic and phosphorylation cascades. What advantage is there in having a cascade part of these pathways? What purpose does it serve?Please when explaining the general steps, please explain them as thoroughly and detailed as you can possibly be.arrow_forwardEnzymes are able to reduce the activation energy barrier in a number of ways. List at least three ways that enzymes help lower the energy activation barrier?arrow_forward
- What is the function of these enzymes? Kinase Isomerase Dehydrogenase Adolase Mutate Enolasearrow_forwardThe following reaction would most likely be catalyzed by an enzyme of which class? sucrose + H2O → glucose + fructosearrow_forwardAn enzyme that catalyzes a reaction such as the one below is alan: || C-0 || C-0 C=0 С —о — Н I| Н-С—Н H- C H H isomerase O kinase O dehydratase O dehydrogenase O phosphorylase O - Iarrow_forward
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