(a)
To determine: The physiological event that leads to hyperglycemia in type 1 diabetes.
Introduction: Type 1 diabetes is a complex disorder whose onset in genetically susceptible people is sometimes preceded by a viral infection.
(b)
To determine: The physiological events that leads to glucosuria in type 1 diabetes.
Introduction: The most common pathology of pancreatic endocrine system is the group of metabolic disorders called diabetes mellitus.
(c)
To determine: The physiological event that leads to polyuria in type 1 diabetes.
Introduction: The primary sign of diabetes mellitus is an elevated blood glucose concentration.
(d)
To determine: The physiological event that leads to ketosis in type 1 diabetes.
Introduction: Ketosis is a metabolic process, which occurs when the body does not have enough glucose for energy.
(e)
To determine: The physiological event that leads to dehydration in type 1 diabetes.
Introduction: Dehydration is a condition that occurs when the body does not have enough water and other fluids to carry out its normal function.
(f)
To determine: The physiological event that leads to severe thirst in type 1 diabetes.
Introduction: Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the body fails to recognize the beta cell as self and destroys them with antibodies and white blood cells (WBCs).
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 22 Solutions
Pearson eText Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach -- Instant Access (Pearson+)
- A person diagnosed with type 1 diabetes will exhibit all of the following symptoms except... a) The inability to produce insulin via the pancreas b) Increased blood pH c) The presence of ketone bodies in the urine d) Decreased blood pHarrow_forwardIt is noticed that when a strain of mice exercises, their blood glucose drops to very low levels. Which of the following can explain this situation? a) These mice do not make enough insulin b) these mice lack insulin receptors on their cells c)these mice lack glucagon d) these mice cannot synthesize glycogen from glucosearrow_forward5. There is an expression: diabetes mellitus is «hunger among abundance. What metabolic changes in diabetes confirm the validity of this statement? For answer: 9.8. Metabolic Changes in Diabetes Mellitus 535 a) list the main causes of metabolic changes in IDDM; b) enumerate the tissues with the main energy sources metabolism procceding according to this type of starvation; c) name the metabolic pathways that are activated and inhibited in these tissues, and explain why; d) list the symptoms of diabetes mellitus, that reflect such metabolic changes; c) draw a diagram of one of the mctabolic pathways that is activated in the liver under these conditions and explain the consequences of such activation.arrow_forward
- Under stressful conditions epinephrine is released from the adrenal medulla. The release of epinephrine has which of the following effects on glucose metabolism? A) glycogenolysis is stimulated B) glycogenesis is inhibited C) adenylate cyclase is activated D) Both A and B E) All of the abovearrow_forwardMany diabetics do not respond to insulin because of a deficiency of insulin receptors on their cells. How does this aff ect (a) the levels of circulating glucose immediately after a meal and (b) the rate of glycogen synthesis in muscle?arrow_forwardWhich of the following is true about the pathophysiology of hypoglycemia? Question 62 options: a) Glucagon decreases glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in the liver b) Autonomic symptoms are caused by increased levels of glucagon which then stimulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis c) Beta cells suppress insulin secretion at a plasma glucose level of 3 mmol/L d) Abrupt cessation of glucose delivery to the brain results in confusion, drowsiness, vision changes, and headachearrow_forward
- In people with diabetes mellitus Type 1, explain the reason for:(a) ketoacidosis, and (b) ketonuria.arrow_forward(human physiology) 1) Match the insulin types (1-3) with the plots (A-C)? Explain? 2) Oral administration (e.g. in the form of pills) of insulin and subcutaneous administration, which is more effective? Why? 3) Why are elderly, sedentary, obese and regular smokers at high risk of diabetes?arrow_forwardIf removal of the pancreas results in a variety of metabolic disturbances that ultimately lead to death, describe the most significant biochemical and physiological changes that would occur due to loss of endocrine function of the pancreas.arrow_forward
- What is the most common cause of mortality in those with diabetes mellitus? Question 76 options: a) Renal failure b) Myocardial infarct and stroke c) Gangrene and sepsis d) Autonomic and somatic neuropathyarrow_forwardWhich of the following is TRUE regarding the general use of alcohol in diabetes? Question 60 options: a) Alcohol should be limited to 2 or fewer servings per day b) Clients can use alcohol in unlimited quantities unless they are pregnant c) A serving of alcohol is considered part of the carbohydrate allowance d) Alcohol contributes to hypoglycemia and should be avoided completelyarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is true? a) High insulin/glucagon ratio activates lipolysis in muscle b) High insulin/glucagon ratio inhibits lipolysis in liver c) High insulin/glucagon d) Low insulin/glucagon ratio activates lipolysis in adipocytes ratio activates lipolysis in adipocytesarrow_forward
- Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BiologyISBN:9780134580999Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. HoehnPublisher:PEARSONBiology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStaxAnatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781259398629Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa StouterPublisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
- Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)BiologyISBN:9780815344322Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter WalterPublisher:W. W. Norton & CompanyLaboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781260159363Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, CynthiaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)BiologyISBN:9781260231700Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael WindelspechtPublisher:McGraw Hill Education