Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The amino acid alternation in the upper panel of graph A must be determined.
Concept introduction:
The fatty acids are degraded in a sequential manner, that is two carbon units at the carboxyl end of the molecule are removed in each step. The process of beta-oxidation of fatty acids degrades the fatty acids. The process of fatty acid synthesis is a stepwise process, which occurs by the addition of two-carbon units. These carbon units are provided by the acetyl-CoA, derived from glucose oxidation.
(b)
Interpretation:
The affect of mutation in colipase enzyme should be determined.
Concept introduction:
The fatty acids are degraded in a sequential manner, that is two carbon units at the carboxyl end of the molecule are removed in each step. The process of beta-oxidation of fatty acids degrades the fatty acids. The process of fatty acid synthesis is a stepwise process, which occurs by the addition of two-carbon units. These carbon units are provided by the acetyl-CoA, derived from glucose oxidation.
(c)
Interpretation:
The amino acid substitution in the lower panel of graph A must be determined.
Concept introduction:
The fatty acids are degraded in a sequential manner, that is two carbon units at the carboxyl end of the molecule are removed in each step. The process of beta-oxidation of fatty acids degrades the fatty acids. The process of fatty acid synthesis is a stepwise process, which occurs by the addition of two-carbon units. These carbon units are provided by the acetyl-CoA, derived from glucose oxidation.
(d)
Interpretation:
The effect of above substitution on the ability of colipase to bind the lipase to the lipid particle must be determined.
Concept introduction:
The fatty acids are degraded in a sequential manner, that is two carbon units at the carboxyl end of the molecule are removed in each step. The process of beta-oxidation of fatty acids degrades the fatty acids. The process of fatty acid synthesis is a stepwise process, which occurs by the addition of two-carbon units. These carbon units are provided by the acetyl-CoA, derived from glucose oxidation.
(e)
Interpretation:
The effect of the L16A mutation on lipase activity should be determined by analyzing the graph B.
Concept introduction:
The fatty acids are degraded in a sequential manner, that is two carbon units at the carboxyl end of the molecule are removed in each step. The process of beta-oxidation of fatty acids degrades the fatty acids. The process of fatty acid synthesis is a stepwise process, which occurs by the addition of two-carbon units. These carbon units are provided by the acetyl-CoA, derived from glucose oxidation.
(f)
Interpretation:
The lipase-binding and activation properties of the colipase enzyme must be determined.
Concept introduction:
The fatty acids are degraded in a sequential manner, that is two carbon units at the carboxyl end of the molecule are removed in each step. The process of beta-oxidation of fatty acids degrades the fatty acids. The process of fatty acid synthesis is a stepwise process, which occurs by the addition of two-carbon units. These carbon units are provided by the acetyl-CoA, derived from glucose oxidation.
(g)
Interpretation:
The effect of the Y55A mutation on lipase activity must be determined.
Concept introduction:
The fatty acids are degraded in a sequential manner, that is two carbon units at the carboxyl end of the molecule are removed in each step. The process of beta-oxidation of fatty acids degrades the fatty acids. The process of fatty acid synthesis is a stepwise process, which occurs by the addition of two-carbon units. These carbon units are provided by the acetyl-CoA, derived from glucose oxidation.
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Chapter 22 Solutions
Biochemistry (Looseleaf)
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- Please help me with this question. How many amino acid residues are in the heavy and light chains of the Fab fragment, and how many amino acid residues are in lysozyme?arrow_forwardI. Active site analysis. Below is a diagram of a putative active site for Monoamine oxidase. As we learned, the purpose of tertiary structure is to form a scaffold so you can orient just a few amino acids in the right orientation to promote binding and/or catalysis. The position where this occurs is the active site. The amino acid architecture of an active site is designed to bind substrates. Amino acid side chains are capable of hydrogen bonding, ionic and hydrophobic interactions. Fill in each amino acid that you think is suitable for interacting with the part of the substrate it is closest to. Assume the pH will be at 7.0 a.a.#1 a.a.#2 a.a.#6 HO Lond NH₂ НО a.a.#5 OH a.a.#3 a.a.#4arrow_forwardBiotransformation. Explain the process of enzyme induction. What are the benefits or down-falls of this process.arrow_forward
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- TPA protein function. Use at least two sentences to describe the function of the TPA protein.arrow_forwardSmall molecules are used as inhibitors of protein action - as drugs. They most often do this by blocking the active site within the protein. Potential drugs can be screened computationally to determine if they are strongly bound to the protein. Figure 1 shows a possible conformation of a candidate drug molecule, 4-bromo-2- carboxymethylamide-pyrrole (abbreviation: BCMAP) at the active site of a protein (abbreviation: PR). Figure 2 shows the full protein structure whilst figure 3 shows a known inhibitor of the protein at the site, overlayed with another calculated conformer of BCMAP. (a) Explain what types of interactions, both intermolecular and intramolecular, that a molecular mechanics forcefield must be able to describe in order to be able to accurately determine the geometry of BCMAP in the protein. Identify which interactions will be the most important to describe accurately. Figure 1.4-bromo-2-carboxymethylamide-pyrrole (BCMAP) (C, N, O, and Br atoms in yellow, blue, red, and…arrow_forwardtopic: Bradford AssayThere are numerous methods of protein determination in use, but this module focuses on the Bradford assay.The Bradford assay is a dye-binding method that employs Coomassie Brilliant Blue G-250, whose structureis shown in Figure 2.3.4.1. Coomassie Brilliant Blue G-250 is a dye that interacts with proteins throughhydrophobic and electrostatic interactions. What are the identities and functions of the components of the Bradford reagent in protein contentdetermination?arrow_forward
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