Concept explainers
(a) The free Cu(I) ion is unstable in solution and has a tendency to disproportionate:
Use the information in Table 19.1 to calculate the equilibrium constant for the reaction. (b) Based on your results in part (a), explain why most Cu(I) compounds are insoluble.
Interpretation:
The equilibrium constant (
) for the given reaction is to be calculated. The reason behind
compounds being insoluble is to be explained.
Concept introduction:
The change in free energy is called Gibb’s free energy and is represented as
If
The standard cell potential can be calculated by the expression as:
The standard Gibbs free energy change is calculated by the expression as:
Here,
is the standard cell potential, and
The equilibrium constant is calculated by the expression as:
The relation between free energy change and standard free energy change is as:
Here,
is the gas constant, and
At equilibrium the above equation is reduced to the expression:
Answer to Problem 79AP
Solution:
a)
b) Stable compounds containing
Explanation of Solution
a) The equilibrium constant for the reaction
From table 19.1, the electrode potential of two half-cell reactions are given as follows:
The Gibbs free energy for first half of the reaction is given as follows:
Substitute
The Gibbs free energy for second half of the reaction is given as follows:
Substitute
The overall reaction by the two half-cell reactions is given as follows:
The total standard Gibbs free energy is calculated as follows:
Now, the equilibrium constant is calculated as follows:
Substitute
Therefore, the equilibrium constant for the reaction is
b) Most
According to part (a), the free
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