Concept explainers
Interpretation:
Considering the resonance structure, the reason that the given compounds are weaker base than aniline corresponding to the effect of the substituent is to be explained.
Concept Introduction:
>The major factors that contribute to the basic strength are
The high percentage of
An acidic substance in a reaction donates a proton, while a base in a reaction accepts a proton.
>The elimination of a proton leads to the formation of a conjugate base. If the base accepts a proton the species formed is known as conjugate acid.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 22 Solutions
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY W/CONNECT
- Devise a synthesis of optically active (S)-uoxetine (trade name Prozac) from the given starting materials and any other needed reagents.arrow_forwardDevise a synthesis of each compound from the given starting material(s). Albuterol is a bronchodilator and proparacaine is a local anesthetic.arrow_forwardWhat product is formed when A is treated with Grubbs catalyst underhigh-dilution conditions? This reaction was a key step in the synthesis ofstemoamide, the naturally occurring amide described in the opening paragraph.arrow_forward
- Carboxylic acid X is an intermediate in the multistep synthesis ofproparacaine, a local anesthetic. Devise a synthesis of X from phenoland any needed organic or inorganic reagents.arrow_forwardDevise a synthesis of anastrozole, a drug used to reduce the recurrence of breast cancer (Section 22.18), from the given compounds. You may use any other needed organic compounds or inorganic reagents.arrow_forwardNabumetone is a pain reliever and anti-inammatory agent sold under the brand name of Relafen.a. Write out a synthesis of nabumetone from ethyl acetoacetate.b. What ketone and alkyl halide are needed to synthesize nabumetone by direct enolate alkylation?arrow_forward
- Although γ-butyrolactone is a biologically inactive compound, it isconverted in the body to 4-hydroxybutanoic acid (GHB), an addictive andintoxicating recreational drug. Draw a stepwise mechanism for thisconversion in the presence of acid.arrow_forwardCarboxylic acid X is an intermediate in the multistep synthesis of proparacaine, a local anesthetic. Devise a synthesis of X from phenol and any needed organic or inorganic reagents.arrow_forwardDraw a stepwise mechanism for the following reaction, one step in the synthesis of the cholesterol-lowering drug pitavastatin, marketed in Japan as a calcium salt under the name Livalo.arrow_forward
- ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistryChemistryISBN:9781259911156Author:Raymond Chang Dr., Jason Overby ProfessorPublisher:McGraw-Hill EducationPrinciples of Instrumental AnalysisChemistryISBN:9781305577213Author:Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. CrouchPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9780078021558Author:Janice Gorzynski Smith Dr.Publisher:McGraw-Hill EducationChemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage LearningElementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Bind...ChemistryISBN:9781118431221Author:Richard M. Felder, Ronald W. Rousseau, Lisa G. BullardPublisher:WILEY