Concept explainers
Flexible budgets and
Required
1. In which financial statement does Apple report the gains and losses from foreign currency translation for subsidiaries that do not use the U.S. dollar as their functional currency? Page 910
2. Translating financial statements requires the use of a currency exchange rate. For each of the following financial statement items, indicate the exchange rate the company would apply to translate into U.S. dollars. Enter "CR" (current rate in effect at the balance sheet date) or "Avg" (the average rate in effect during the period).
a. Cash
b. Sales revenue
C. Property, plant and equipment
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Fundamental Accounting Principles
- A company prepares the master budget by taking each division manager's estimate of revenues and costs for the coming period and entering the data into the budget without adjustment. At the end of the year, division managers are given a bonus if their actual division profit exceeds the budgeted profit. What problems do you see with this system?arrow_forwardAssignment Details The chief financial officer (CFO) discussed your analysis and strategy with the executive team and feels that you are the perfect person to work on the corporate budget. Based on the current external environment, the organization has limited resources, and each department has been asked to reduce costs. Based on your experience, answer the following questions: What type of costs should the departments reduce first and why? How can the organization prevent budgetary slack in the budgeting process since the bonuses of managers are tied to the budget? What are some potential ethical issues all organizations deal with in the budgeting process? What are some ways of dealing with these potential problems?arrow_forwardtrue and false a. Developing a budget is a critical step in planning any economic activity. This is true for businesses, for governmental agencies, and for individuals. (……….) b. The sales budget shows the projected sales in units and the total expected sales revenue. (……….)arrow_forward
- Classify each of the following actions as either being associated with the financial accounting information system (FS) or the cost management information system (CMS): a. Determining the total compensation of the CEO of a public company b. Issuing a quarterly earnings report c. Determining the unit product cost using TDABC d. Calculating the number of units that must be sold to break even e. Preparing a required report for the SEC f. Preparing a sales budget g. Using cost and revenue information to decide whether to keep, or drop, a product line h. Preparing an annual statement of financial position that conforms to generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) i. Using cost and revenue information to decide whether to invest in a new production system or not j. Reducing costs by improving the overall quality of a product k. Using a debt-equity ratio and liquidity ratios from a balance sheet to assess the likelihood of bankruptcy l. Using a public companys financial statements to decide whether or not to buy its stockarrow_forwardSuppose that the controller of your companys largest factory is a particularly optimistic individual. If you were in charge of developing the master budget, how, if at all, would you be influenced by this knowledge?arrow_forwardStatic budget for a service company A hank manager of City Savings Rank Inc, uses the managerial accounting system to track the costs of operating the various departments within the bank. The departments include Cash Management, Trusts. Commercial Loans Mortgage Loans. Operations, Credit Card, and Branch Services. The static budget and actual results for the Operations Department are as follows: a. What information is provided by the budget? Specifically, what questions can thebank manager ask of the Operations Department manager? b. What information does the static budget fail to provide? Specifically, could the budgetinformation be presented differently to provide even more insight for the bank manager?arrow_forward
- Customers as a Cost Object Morrisom National Bank has requested an analysis of checking account profitability by customer type. Customers are categorized according to the size of their account: low balances, medium balances, and high balances. The activities associated with the three different customer categories and their associated annual costs are as follows: Additional data concerning the usage of the activities by the various customers are also provided: Required: (Note: Round answers to two decimal places.) 1. Calculate a cost per account per year by dividing the total cost of processing and maintaining checking accounts by the total number of accounts. What is the average fee per month that the bank should charge to cover the costs incurred because of checking accounts? 2. Calculate a cost per account by customer category by using activity rates. 3. Currently, the bank offers free checking to all of its customers. The interest revenues average 90 per account; however, the interest revenues earned per account by category are 80, 100, and 165 for the low-, medium-, and high-balance accounts, respectively. Calculate the average profit per account (average revenue minus average cost from Requirement 1). Then calculate the profit per account by using the revenue per customer type and the unit cost per customer type calculated in Requirement 2. 4. CONCEPTUAL CONNECTION After the analysis in Requirement 3, a vice president recommended eliminating the free checking feature for low-balance customers. The bank president expressed reluctance to do so, arguing that the low-balance customers more than made up for the loss through cross-sales. He presented a survey that showed that 50% of the customers would switch banks if a checking fee were imposed. Explain how you could verify the presidents argument by using ABC.arrow_forwardXerox Corporation has been an innovator in its responsibility-accounting system. In one initiative, management changed the responsibility-centre orientation of its Logistics and Distribution Department from a cost centre to a profit The department manages the inventories and provides other logistical services to the company’s Business Systems Group. Formerly, the manager of the Logistics and Distribution Department was held accountable for adherence to an operating expense budget. Now the department “sells” its services to the company’s other segments, and the department’s manager is evaluated partially on the basis of the department’s profit. Xerox Corporation’s management feels that the change has been beneficial. The change has resulted in more innovative thinking in the development and has moved decision making down to lower levels in the company. Required: Comment on the new responsibility-centre designation for the Logistics and Distribution Department.arrow_forwardUpon receipt of the budget, the team manager, June Jackson, has now informed you that, in keeping with industry players, the management of Pelican Merchandising have indicated an industry requirement to maintain a minimum cash balance of $185,000 each month. She has also noted that management is very keen on keeping the gearing ratio of the business as low as possible and would therefore prefer to cushion any gaps internally using equity financing.Based on the budget prepared, will the business be achieving this desired target? Suggest three (3) internal strategies that may be employed by management to improve the organization’s monthly cash flow and militate against or reduce any possible shortfall reflected in the budget prepared. Each strategy must be fully explained.arrow_forward
- (b) Another team member who is preparing the Budgeted Balance Sheet for the business for the same quarter and has asked you to furnish him with the figures for the expected trade receivables and payables to be included in the statement. Is that a reasonable request? If yes, what should these amounts be? (c) Upon receipt of the budget, the team manager, Hilux James, has now informed you that, in keeping with industry players, the management of Toyota & Sons have indicated an industry requirement to maintain a minimum cash balance of $155,000 each month. He has also noted that management is very keen on keeping the gearing ratio of the business as low as possible and would therefore prefer to cushion any gaps internally using equity financing. Based on the budget prepared, will the business be achieving this desired target? Suggest three (3) internal strategies that may be employed by management to improve the organization’s monthly cash flow and militate against or reduce any…arrow_forward(b) Another team member who is preparing the Budgeted Balance Sheet for the business for the same quarter and has asked you to furnish him with the figures for the expected trade receivables and payables to be included in the statement. Is that a reasonable request? If yes, what should these amounts be? (c) Upon receipt of the budget, the team manager, Hilux James, has now informed you that, in keeping with industry players, the management of Toyota & Sons have indicated an industry requirement to maintain a minimum cash balance of $155,000 each month. He has also noted that management is very keen on keeping the gearing ratio of the business as low as possible and would therefore prefer to cushion any gaps internally using equity financing.Based on the budget prepared, will the business be achieving this desired target? Suggest three (3) internal strategies that may be employed by management to improve the organization’s monthly cash flow and militate against or reduce any…arrow_forwardCameron is the Managing Director of PL Ltd, a UK company that manufactures components for the car manufacturing industry. The company accountant has historically used a ‘traditional’ incremental approach tocreating their budgets. However, the company accountant has suddenly resigned at a time of significant political and economic uncertainty. As a result, Cameron has approached you to prepare the functional budgets for the forthcoming financial quarter. Each of the departmental managers has provided Cameron with the following information in respect to the forthcoming 3-month period: Sales information Sales in units are forecast as follows: Average selling price per unit: £120 August 6,100 September 7,425 October 6,900 November 6,030 December 5,250 Production information Opening stock of finished goods at 1stAugust are 4,000 units. In order to always meet customer demand, the sales manager demands that…arrow_forward
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