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Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: To indicate whether malate undergoes (1) oxidation but not reduction, (2) reduction but not oxidation, (3) both oxidation and reduction or (4) neither oxidation nor reduction in the common
Concept introduction: Common metabolic pathway is the total sum of metabolic reactions that occur in stage third and fourth of the biochemical process or it is defined as the total sum of reactions that occur in the citric acid cycle and electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation.
These stages are included in the common metabolic pathway because the reactions in these stages are the same for different kinds of food.
The citric acid cycle is the third stage of the biochemical energy production process. The cycle includes the reactions in which the acetyl part of acetyl CoA is oxidized and leads to the formation of carbon dioxide and
Electron transport chain is a sequence of biochemical reactions in which electrons and hydrogen atoms from the citric acid cycle are transferred to various intermediate carriers and finally reacts with molecular oxygen to form a water molecule.
(b)
Interpretation: To indicate whether NADH undergoes (1) oxidation but not reduction, (2) reduction but not oxidation, (3) both oxidation and reduction or (4) neither oxidation nor reduction in the common metabolic pathway.
Concept introduction: Common metabolic pathway is the total sum of metabolic reactions that occur in stage third and fourth of the biochemical process or it is defined as the total sum of reactions that occur in the citric acid cycle and electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation.
These stages are included in the common metabolic pathway because the reactions in these stages are the same for different kinds of food.
The citric acid cycle is the third stage of the biochemical energy production process. The cycle includes the reactions in which the acetyl part of acetyl CoA is oxidized and leads to the formation of carbon dioxide and
Electron transport chain is a sequence of biochemical reactions in which electrons and hydrogen atoms from the citric acid cycle are transferred to various intermediate carriers and finally reacts with molecular oxygen to form a water molecule.
(c)
Interpretation: To indicate whether FAD undergoes (1) oxidation but not reduction, (2) reduction but not oxidation, (3) both oxidation and reduction or (4) neither oxidation nor reduction in the common metabolic pathway.
Concept introduction: Common metabolic pathway is the total sum of metabolic reactions that occur in stage third and fourth of the biochemical process or it is defined as the total sum of reactions that occur in the citric acid cycle and electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation.
These stages are included in the common metabolic pathway because the reactions in these stages are the same for different kinds of food.
The citric acid cycle is the third stage of the biochemical energy production process. The cycle includes the reactions in which the acetyl part of acetyl CoA is oxidized and leads to the formation of carbon dioxide and
Electron transport chain is a sequence of biochemical reactions in which electrons and hydrogen atoms from the citric acid cycle are transferred to various intermediate carriers and finally reacts with molecular oxygen to form a water molecule.
(d)
Interpretation: To indicate whether
Concept introduction: Common metabolic pathway is the total sum of metabolic reactions that occur in stage third and fourth of the biochemical process or it is defined as the total sum of reactions that occur in the citric acid cycle and electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation.
These stages are included in the common metabolic pathway because the reactions in these stages are the same for different kinds of food.
The citric acid cycle is the third stage of the biochemical energy production process. The cycle includes the reactions in which the acetyl part of acetyl CoA is oxidized and leads to the formation of carbon dioxide and
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Chapter 23 Solutions
GENERAL,ORGANIC,+BIO.CHEM.-MINDTAP
- Discuss briefly but concisely the importance of the following metabolic pathway. A. Glycolysis B. Krebs Cycle C. Electron Transport Chain D. Gluconeogenesisarrow_forwardThe metabolic function of the pentose phosphate pathway is to: a. generate NADPH and pentoses for the biosynthesis of fatty acids and nucleic acids. b. provide intermediates for the citric acid cycle c. participate in oxidation-reduction reactions during the formation of H,O d. act as a source of ADP for biosynthesisarrow_forwardWhich of the following cofactors is NOT used by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex? a. NAD+ b. FAD c. tetrahydrofolate d. coenzyme Aarrow_forward
- The oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway produces which of the following (note - select all that apply)? A. ATP B. Glucose-6-phosphate C. NADPH D. Ribose-5-phosphatearrow_forwardDuring glycolysis there are two hexoses in the pathway. a. What are these two hexoses? b. What are the two phosphorylated products? What is the energy cost to phosphorylate them? C.arrow_forwardThe rate limiting and committed step of the pentose phosphate pathway is catalyzed by which of the following enzymes? A. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase B. Hexokinase C. 6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase D. Transketolasearrow_forward
- 1. What is the common metabolic pathway of these three nutrients? Explain the process involved. 2. Make a flow chart diagram of each step in Glycolysis. Identify the biochemical reactions in each step and its corresponding enzymes and coenzymes. 3. What metabolic products are formed from pyruvate in each case: a) anaerobic conditions in the body b) anaerobic conditions in yeast c) aerobic conditionsarrow_forwardWhich of the following number of products from the Krebs Cycle is a manifestation of 4 pyruvate molecules generated from glycolysis? A. 2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH₂ B. 3 ATP, 9 NADH, 3 FADH₂ C. 4 ATP, 4 NADH, 4 FADH₂ D. 4 ATP, 12 NADH, 4 FADH₂arrow_forwardFatty acid biosynthesis differs from β-oxidation in that: A. NADP+ is used in biosynthesis but not in β-oxidation. B. Biosynthesis uses malonyl-CoA while β-oxidation does not. C. Biosynthesis occurs in the cytoplasm while β-oxidation occurs in the mitochondria. D. Biosynthesis is a reductive process while β-oxidation is oxidation.arrow_forward
- A7) Name the two enzymes that conduct substrate-level phosphorylation during glycolysisarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is TRUE? Select one: A. Lactic acid is a product of aerobic respiration; ethyl alcohol is a product of fermentation. B. Oxidation is the loss of electrons; reduction is the gain of electrons. C. Oxygen is a product of cellular respiration; carbon dioxide is a product of photosynthesis. D. Glucose is a product of aerobic respiration; lactic acid is a product of anaerobic respiration.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is one difference between fermentation and anaerobic respiration? a. Fermentation uses oxygen to produce ATP and anaerobic respiration does not b. Fermentation harvests more energy from each sugar molecule than anaerobic respiration. c. Anaerobic respiration utilizes an electron transport chain while fermentation does not d. Anaerobic respiration utilizes glycolysis while fermentation does not.arrow_forward
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