One effect of the hormone insulin is to cause liver cells to make glycogen. Assume the dissociation constant ( K d ) for the interaction of insulin with its receptor is 10 −7 M . A hypoglycemic patient’s insulin receptors have a K d of 10 −8 . Why would such a patient have low blood sugar?

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Answer 1

Textbook Question

Chapter 23, Problem 23.1CC

One effect of the hormone insulin is to cause liver cells to make glycogen. Assume the dissociation constant (K_d) for the interaction of insulin with its receptor is 10⁻⁷ M. A hypoglycemic patient’s insulin receptors have a K_d of 10⁻⁸. Why would such a patient have low blood sugar?

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

To determine: The criteria of low blood sugar level of a patient.

Introduction: The sugar level is the concentration of glucose level of the blood. Levels of the glucose are manipulated by the functioning of the pancreas. The pancreas regulates the glucose levels in the blood by the effect of insulin hormone.

Explanation of Solution

In the liver cells, the capacity of the proteins (insulin hormone) to bind the liver cell receptors is inversely proportional to the K_d. The smaller K_d in the patients represents strong binding with the liver receptor cells. This results in the high activity of the binding in the patients than the normal persons.

At a certain period of time, a person with smaller K_d shows the high interaction of insulin binding to the receptors. The rate of binding of the insulin molecules to the receptor cells emits the signal for the glucose entry to the cells. This event decreases the amount of glucose in the bloodstream of the person. Hence, K_d plays an important role in the regulation of blood sugar level of an individual.

Thus, the patient with K_d of 10^-8 has low sugar level than the patient with K_d of10^-7.

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Answer 2

Textbook Question

Chapter 23, Problem 23.1CC

One effect of the hormone insulin is to cause liver cells to make glycogen. Assume the dissociation constant (K_d) for the interaction of insulin with its receptor is 10⁻⁷ M. A hypoglycemic patient’s insulin receptors have a K_d of 10⁻⁸. Why would such a patient have low blood sugar?

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

To determine: The criteria of low blood sugar level of a patient.

Introduction: The sugar level is the concentration of glucose level of the blood. Levels of the glucose are manipulated by the functioning of the pancreas. The pancreas regulates the glucose levels in the blood by the effect of insulin hormone.

Explanation of Solution

In the liver cells, the capacity of the proteins (insulin hormone) to bind the liver cell receptors is inversely proportional to the K_d. The smaller K_d in the patients represents strong binding with the liver receptor cells. This results in the high activity of the binding in the patients than the normal persons.

At a certain period of time, a person with smaller K_d shows the high interaction of insulin binding to the receptors. The rate of binding of the insulin molecules to the receptor cells emits the signal for the glucose entry to the cells. This event decreases the amount of glucose in the bloodstream of the person. Hence, K_d plays an important role in the regulation of blood sugar level of an individual.

Thus, the patient with K_d of 10^-8 has low sugar level than the patient with K_d of10^-7.

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Answer 3

Textbook Question

Chapter 23, Problem 23.1CC

One effect of the hormone insulin is to cause liver cells to make glycogen. Assume the dissociation constant (K_d) for the interaction of insulin with its receptor is 10⁻⁷ M. A hypoglycemic patient’s insulin receptors have a K_d of 10⁻⁸. Why would such a patient have low blood sugar?

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

To determine: The criteria of low blood sugar level of a patient.

Introduction: The sugar level is the concentration of glucose level of the blood. Levels of the glucose are manipulated by the functioning of the pancreas. The pancreas regulates the glucose levels in the blood by the effect of insulin hormone.

Explanation of Solution

In the liver cells, the capacity of the proteins (insulin hormone) to bind the liver cell receptors is inversely proportional to the K_d. The smaller K_d in the patients represents strong binding with the liver receptor cells. This results in the high activity of the binding in the patients than the normal persons.

At a certain period of time, a person with smaller K_d shows the high interaction of insulin binding to the receptors. The rate of binding of the insulin molecules to the receptor cells emits the signal for the glucose entry to the cells. This event decreases the amount of glucose in the bloodstream of the person. Hence, K_d plays an important role in the regulation of blood sugar level of an individual.

Thus, the patient with K_d of 10^-8 has low sugar level than the patient with K_d of10^-7.

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Answer 4

Textbook Question

Chapter 23, Problem 23.1CC

One effect of the hormone insulin is to cause liver cells to make glycogen. Assume the dissociation constant (K_d) for the interaction of insulin with its receptor is 10⁻⁷ M. A hypoglycemic patient’s insulin receptors have a K_d of 10⁻⁸. Why would such a patient have low blood sugar?

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

To determine: The criteria of low blood sugar level of a patient.

Introduction: The sugar level is the concentration of glucose level of the blood. Levels of the glucose are manipulated by the functioning of the pancreas. The pancreas regulates the glucose levels in the blood by the effect of insulin hormone.

Explanation of Solution

In the liver cells, the capacity of the proteins (insulin hormone) to bind the liver cell receptors is inversely proportional to the K_d. The smaller K_d in the patients represents strong binding with the liver receptor cells. This results in the high activity of the binding in the patients than the normal persons.

At a certain period of time, a person with smaller K_d shows the high interaction of insulin binding to the receptors. The rate of binding of the insulin molecules to the receptor cells emits the signal for the glucose entry to the cells. This event decreases the amount of glucose in the bloodstream of the person. Hence, K_d plays an important role in the regulation of blood sugar level of an individual.

Thus, the patient with K_d of 10^-8 has low sugar level than the patient with K_d of10^-7.

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Answer 5

Textbook Question

Answer 6

Textbook Question

Answer 7

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

To determine: The criteria of low blood sugar level of a patient.

Introduction: The sugar level is the concentration of glucose level of the blood. Levels of the glucose are manipulated by the functioning of the pancreas. The pancreas regulates the glucose levels in the blood by the effect of insulin hormone.

Explanation of Solution

In the liver cells, the capacity of the proteins (insulin hormone) to bind the liver cell receptors is inversely proportional to the K_d. The smaller K_d in the patients represents strong binding with the liver receptor cells. This results in the high activity of the binding in the patients than the normal persons.

At a certain period of time, a person with smaller K_d shows the high interaction of insulin binding to the receptors. The rate of binding of the insulin molecules to the receptor cells emits the signal for the glucose entry to the cells. This event decreases the amount of glucose in the bloodstream of the person. Hence, K_d plays an important role in the regulation of blood sugar level of an individual.

Thus, the patient with K_d of 10^-8 has low sugar level than the patient with K_d of10^-7.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

To determine: The criteria of low blood sugar level of a patient.

Introduction: The sugar level is the concentration of glucose level of the blood. Levels of the glucose are manipulated by the functioning of the pancreas. The pancreas regulates the glucose levels in the blood by the effect of insulin hormone.

Explanation of Solution

In the liver cells, the capacity of the proteins (insulin hormone) to bind the liver cell receptors is inversely proportional to the K_d. The smaller K_d in the patients represents strong binding with the liver receptor cells. This results in the high activity of the binding in the patients than the normal persons.

At a certain period of time, a person with smaller K_d shows the high interaction of insulin binding to the receptors. The rate of binding of the insulin molecules to the receptor cells emits the signal for the glucose entry to the cells. This event decreases the amount of glucose in the bloodstream of the person. Hence, K_d plays an important role in the regulation of blood sugar level of an individual.

Thus, the patient with K_d of 10^-8 has low sugar level than the patient with K_d of10^-7.

Answer 9

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 10

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 11

Summary Introduction

To determine: The criteria of low blood sugar level of a patient.

Introduction: The sugar level is the concentration of glucose level of the blood. Levels of the glucose are manipulated by the functioning of the pancreas. The pancreas regulates the glucose levels in the blood by the effect of insulin hormone.

Answer 12

Explanation of Solution

In the liver cells, the capacity of the proteins (insulin hormone) to bind the liver cell receptors is inversely proportional to the K_d. The smaller K_d in the patients represents strong binding with the liver receptor cells. This results in the high activity of the binding in the patients than the normal persons.

At a certain period of time, a person with smaller K_d shows the high interaction of insulin binding to the receptors. The rate of binding of the insulin molecules to the receptor cells emits the signal for the glucose entry to the cells. This event decreases the amount of glucose in the bloodstream of the person. Hence, K_d plays an important role in the regulation of blood sugar level of an individual.

Thus, the patient with K_d of 10^-8 has low sugar level than the patient with K_d of10^-7.

Answer 13

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One effect of the hormone insulin is to cause liver cells to make glycogen. Assume the dissociation constant ( K d ) for the interaction of insulin with its receptor is 10 −7 M . A hypoglycemic patient’s insulin receptors have a K d of 10 −8 . Why would such a patient have low blood sugar?

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