Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781285869759
Author: Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar Torres
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 23, Problem 23.29P
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
To determined the regulatory mechanism which is at work when caffeine that is not a substrate for phosphorylase inhibits its activity.
Concept introduction:
Phosphorylase is an enzyme which catalyzes the reaction involving the addition of phosphate to a substrate or an acceptor. Phosphorylases include allosteric enzymes.
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Chapter 23 Solutions
Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry
Ch. 23 - What is the difference between a catalyst and an...Ch. 23 - What are ribozymes made of?Ch. 23 - Would a lipase hydrolyze two triglycerides, one...Ch. 23 - Compare the activation energy in uncatalyzed...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.5PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.6PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.7PCh. 23 - Monoamine oxidases are important enzymes in brain...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.9PCh. 23 - 0 What kind of reaction does each of the following...
Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.11PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.12PCh. 23 - 3 What is the difference between reversible and...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.14PCh. 23 - 5 At a very low concentration of a certain...Ch. 23 - 6 If we wish to double the rate of an...Ch. 23 - 7 A bacterial enzyme has the following...Ch. 23 - 8 The optimal temperature for the action of...Ch. 23 - 9 The activity of pepsin was measured at various...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.20PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.21PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.22PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.23PCh. 23 - 4 What kind of chemical reaction occurs most...Ch. 23 - 5 Which of the following is a correct statement...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.26PCh. 23 - 7 Enzymes are long protein chains, usually...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.28PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.29PCh. 23 - 0 Can the product of a reaction that is part of a...Ch. 23 - 1 What is the difference between a zymogen and a...Ch. 23 - 2 The enzyme trypsin is synthesized by the body in...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.33PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.34PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.35PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.36PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.37PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.38PCh. 23 - 9 The enzyme phosphofructokinase (PFK) (Chapter...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.40PCh. 23 - 1 After a heart attack, the levels of certain...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.42PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.43PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.44PCh. 23 - 5 Chemists who have been exposed for years to or...Ch. 23 - 6 Which enzyme preparation is given to patients...Ch. 23 - 7 Chymotrypsm is secreted by the pancreas and...Ch. 23 - 8 Explain why transition-state analogs are potent...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.49PCh. 23 - 0 Explain the relationship between...Ch. 23 - 1 (Chemical Connections 23A) Acetylcholine causes...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.52PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.53PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.54PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.55PCh. 23 - 6 (Chemical Connections 23C) What role does Mn2+...Ch. 23 - 7 (Chemical Connections 23C) Which amino acids of...Ch. 23 - 8 (Chemical Connections 23D) What is the strategy...Ch. 23 - 9 (Chemical Connections 23D) Why did scientists...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.60PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.61PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.62PCh. 23 - 3 (Chemical Connections 23E) What is the...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.64PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.65PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.66PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.67PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.68PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.69PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.70PCh. 23 - 1 Food can be preserved by inactivation of enzymes...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.72PCh. 23 - 3 Would you expect to find active digestive...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.74PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.75PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.76PCh. 23 - 7 An enzyme has the following pH dependence: At...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.78PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.79PCh. 23 - 0 Nerve gases operate by forming covalent bonds at...Ch. 23 - 1 What would be the appropriate name for an enzyme...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.82PCh. 23 - 3 A liver enzyme is made of four subunits: 2A and...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.84PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.85PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.86PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.87PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.88PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.89PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.90PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.91P
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- Lactate dehydrogenase catalyzes the following equilibrium reaction in both liver and muscle cells: pyruvate+NADH+H+lactate+NAD+ In terms of equilibrium, explain why lactate must be removed from muscle cells under anaerobic conditions and why lactate does not accumulate in the liver under these conditions. Hint: Think of the Cori cycle.arrow_forwardIn the pentose phosphate pathway for degrading sugars, ribulose 5-phosphate is converted to ribose 5-phosphate. Propose a mechanism for the isomerization.arrow_forwardWhich enzyme is involved in the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate? a. enolase b. ketolase c. pyruvate kinase d. pyruvate oxidasearrow_forward
- True or False The enzyme sucrase catalyzes the metabolisim of sucrose.arrow_forward2. These are known as metabolic reactions in which large biochemical molecules are broken down to smaller ones A. Anabolic reaction B. Catabolic reaction C. Metabolic reaction D. All of the above E. None of the abovearrow_forwardThe rate-limiting step is a metabolic pathway is the slowest step which determines the overall rate of the other reactions in the pathway. In glycolysis, the rate limiting step is a phosphorylation reaction where phosphofructokinase (PFK-1) catalyzes the reaction fructose-6-bisphosphate -> fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, the same step in gluconeogenesis. Select one: The statement is FALSE. The statement is TRUE.arrow_forward
- 1. Discuss the steps involved in glycolysis.arrow_forwardWheeler and Mathews (J. Biol. Chem. 287:31218–31222 (2012)) reportedthe NAD+ and NADH concentrations in yeast mitochondria as 20 mM and0.3 mM, respectively. Consider the malate dehydrogenase reaction, which is part of the citric acid cycle:malate + NAD+ → oxaloacetate + NADH + H+ ΔG∘' = +29.7 kJ/molIf malate concentration in yeast mitochondria is 0.4 mM, what is the maximum concentration of oxaloacetate needed to make the reaction exergonic at pH 7.0 and 37°C?arrow_forwardHow many subunits are present in catalase? What metal ion is necessary for its activity?What two amino acids found in the active site of the molecule assist with the catalysis?Draw their structures.arrow_forward
- Triose phosphate isomerase catalyzes the conversion of dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) into glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P). Which of the following illustrates this chemical reaction? a) A b) B c) C d) Darrow_forwardHow is this reaction sequence regulated? CO2(g) + H2O(l) ⟷ H2CO3(aq) H2CO3(aq) ⟷ H+1(aq) + HCO3-1(aq) Group of answer choices Breathing controls carbon dioxide concentration and carbonic anhydrase catalyzes the reaction to lower the activation energy. Ingestion of nutrients controls carbon dioxide concentration and carbonic anhydrase catalyzes the reaction to lower the activation energy. Breathing controls carbon dioxide concentration and carbonic anhydrase catalyzes the reaction to increase the activation energy. Metabolism controls carbon dioxide concentration and carbonic anhydrase catalyzes the reaction to increase the activation energy. Ingestion of nutrients controls carbon dioxide concentration and carbonic anhydrase catalyzes the reaction to increase the activation energy.arrow_forwardWhat are the products of O2+ Fe+ H2O?arrow_forward
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