Concept explainers
Military spending: The following table presents the amount spent, in billions of dollars, on national defense by the U.S. government every other year for the years 1951 through 2017. The amounts are adjusted for inflation, and represent 2017 dollars.
- Construct a time-series plot for these data.
- The plot covers seven decades, from the 1950s through the period 2010—2017. During which of these decades did national defense spending increase, and during which decades did it decrease?
- The United States fought in the Korean War, which ended in 1953. What effect did the end of the war have on military spending after 1953?
- During the period 1965—1963, the United States steadily increased the number of troops in Vietnam from 23,000 at the beginning of 1965 to 537.000 at the end of 1968.
Beginning in 1969, the number of Americans in Vietnam was steadily reduced, with the last of them leaving in 1975. How is this reflected in the national defense spending from 1965 to 1975?
a.
To construct:A time-series plot of the given data.
Explanation of Solution
Given information:
The dataset:
Year | Spending |
1951 | 503.1 |
1953 | 531.9 |
1955 | 411.9 |
1957 | 438.2 |
1959 | 432.4 |
1961 | 437.6 |
1963 | 470.9 |
1965 | 447.1 |
1967 | 569.3 |
1969 | 572.6 |
1971 | 476.8 |
1973 | 436.9 |
1975 | 404.0 |
1977 | 427.9 |
1979 | 424.4 |
1981 | 475.1 |
1983 | 568.3 |
1985 | 608.3 |
1987 | 592.1 |
1989 | 568.9 |
1991 | 560.1 |
1993 | 474.6 |
1995 | 429.8 |
1997 | 409.8 |
1999 | 416.9 |
2001 | 442.6 |
2003 | 589.0 |
2005 | 633.4 |
2007 | 718.3 |
2009 | 758.4 |
2011 | 726.0 |
2013 | 608.5 |
2015 | 621.2 |
2017 | 650.0 |
Graph:
A time-series plot for the given data is given by
b.
To find:The decade during which the national defence spending increasing and the decade during which the national defence spending increasing.
Answer to Problem 27E
The trend in the vacancy rate during the time period from 2012 to 2015 is decreasing.
Explanation of Solution
Solution:
A time-series plot for the given data is given by
From the time-series plot, we can see that during 1960s, 1980s and 2000s, the national defence spending is increasing and during 1950s, 1970s, 1990s and 2010s, the national defence spending is decreasing
Hence,
Increased decade: 1960s, 1980s and 2000s
Decreased decade: 1950s, 1970s, 1990s and 2010s.
c.
To find: The effects of the end of the war have on military spending after 1953.
Answer to Problem 27E
The effects of the end of the war have on military spending after 1953 is that it caught a big decrease.
Explanation of Solution
Solution:
A time-series plot for the given data is given by
From the time-series plot, we can see that after 1953, there was causing a big decrease in the military spending. The military spending was falling from 531.9 to 411.9 during 1953-1955.
Hence, the effects of the end of the war have on military spending after 1953 is that there caused a big decrease.
d.
To explain: The reflection in the national defence spending from 1965 to 1975.
Answer to Problem 27E
The national defence spending is increased from 1965 to 1969 and then decreased from 1969 to 1975.
Explanation of Solution
Given information: The following table presents the amount spent, in billions of dollars, on national defence by the U.S. government every other year for the years 1951 through 2017. The amounts are adjusted for inflation, and represent 2017 dollars.
Year | Spending |
1951 | 503.1 |
1953 | 531.9 |
1955 | 411.9 |
1957 | 438.2 |
1959 | 432.4 |
1961 | 437.6 |
1963 | 470.9 |
1965 | 447.1 |
1967 | 569.3 |
1969 | 572.6 |
1971 | 476.8 |
1973 | 436.9 |
1975 | 404.0 |
1977 | 427.9 |
1979 | 424.4 |
1981 | 475.1 |
1983 | 568.3 |
1985 | 608.3 |
1987 | 592.1 |
1989 | 568.9 |
1991 | 560.1 |
1993 | 474.6 |
1995 | 429.8 |
1997 | 409.8 |
1999 | 416.9 |
2001 | 442.6 |
2003 | 589.0 |
2005 | 633.4 |
2007 | 718.3 |
2009 | 758.4 |
2011 | 726.0 |
2013 | 608.5 |
2015 | 621.2 |
2017 | 650.0 |
During the period 1965-1968, the United States steadily increased the number of troops in Vietnam from 23,000 at the beginning of 1965 to 537,000 at the end of 1968. Beginning in 1969, the number of Americans in Vietnam was steadily reduced, with the last of themleaving in 1975.
A time-series plot for the given data is given by
From 1965 to 1975, the national defence spending is increasing from 1965 to 1969 and then decreasing from 1969 to 1975.
Hence, the national defence spending is increased from 1965 to 1969 and then decreased from 1969 to 1975.
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Chapter 2 Solutions
Elementary Statistics
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