Universe
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781319039448
Author: Robert Geller, Roger Freedman, William J. Kaufmann
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 23, Problem 43Q
To determine
Gravitational lensing and discuss the reason due to which the gravitational lensing of light by ordinary objects on the Earth cannot be noticed.
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Students have asked these similar questions
Explain the term Gravitational lensing?
You record the spectrum of a distant star using a telescope on the ground on Earth. Upon
analysing the spectrum, you discover absorption lines spaced at intervals typical of oxygen
atoms. Which of the following are possible interpretations of this evidence? Select all that
apply.
The width of the spectral lines gives the diameter of the star
The star is likely orbited by habitable planets with breathable atmospheres.
The height of the spectral lines above the star's general blackbody spectral curve tells us how much
oxygen is in the star
The atmosphere of Earth contains oxygen
The red or blueshift of the set of lines can tell us the speed of the star's motion toward or away from us
The Andromeda Galaxy, M31, is the closest large spiral galaxy to our Milky Way. When we look at its chemical spectrum, we see that its hydrogen alpha emission line (Hα) has an observed wavelength of λobs = 655 nm.-Calculate z, being careful with the sign.-How fast is it moving in km/s?-Is it redshifted or blueshifted? Is it moving towards or away from us?
answer to three significant figures.
Chapter 23 Solutions
Universe
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- Explain why astronomers use the term “blueshifted” for objects moving toward us and “redshifted” for objects moving away from us.arrow_forwardHow can we determine the existence of something we can't see? What is the evidence of dark matter and dark energy? How can we learn more about this phenomena?arrow_forwardLet’s say you’re looking for extrasolar planets. You observe a star that has a spectral shift in the line that is supposed to be at at 656.28011 nm – this star shows this line at 656.28005 nm. What is the radial velocity of star (in m/s) and in what direction in relation to you? a) 27.4 m/s, towards b) 27.4 km/s, away c) -27.4 m/s, toward d) -27.4 km/s, awayarrow_forward
- Are the galaxies red-shifting or blue-shifting? Explain. (You may find the big-bang theory helpful). Andromeda galaxy is currently approaching our galaxy with a radial velocity of 266 km/sec. How far is our galaxy from Andromeda? (Hubble’s constant, H, is 73 km/sec/MParsec). When can the two galaxies be anticipated to collide?arrow_forwardDoes Hubble's Law work well for galaxies in the Local Group (such as Andromeda)? No, because dark energy is accelerating the universe's expansion over those distances. No, because we do not know the precise value of Ho. No, because Hubble did not know the Local Group existed when he discovered his law. Yes, it works well for all galaxies. No, because galaxies in the Local Group are bound gravitationally together.arrow_forwardAstronomers now think that there is a black hole with more than 4 milliion times the mass of our Sun at the center of our galaxy? Roughly how large would the event horizon of such a supermassive black hole be? a. the size of our moon b. about 4 light years across c. about 17 times the size of our sun d. about the size of an atom (so much mass really compresses the event horizon) e. this question can't be answered without knowing what kind of stars were swallowed by the black holearrow_forward
- Imagine that you are observing the light from a distant star that is located in a galaxy 100 million lightyears away from you. By analysis of the starlight received, you are able to tell that the image we see is of a 10- million-year-old star. You are also able to predict that the star will have a total lifetime of 50 million years, at which point it will end in a catastrophic supernova. a) How old does the star appear to be to us here on Earth now? b) How long will it be before we receive the light from the supernova event? c) Has the supernova already occurred? If so, when did it occur?arrow_forwardHow does the Doppler effect on sound waves differ from the Doppler effect on electromagnetic waves? Consider both cases: emitter moving and detector moving. Spiral galaxies have been observed to have different Doppler shifts on each side. Why? Where do the red and blue shifts come from?arrow_forwardThe Messier Catalog is a. a listing of all the stars within the Local Bubble b. a list of all the HII listings visible without a telescope c. a list of nebulae, star clusters, and galaxies that might be mistaken for a comet far from the sun d. a list of regions where dark clouds large numbers of molecules can be foundarrow_forward
- Suppose we look at two distant galaxies: Galaxy 1 is twice as far away as Galaxy 2. In this case, A. Galaxy 1 must be twice as big as Galaxy 2. B. we are seeing Galaxy 1 as it looked at an earlier time in the history of the universe than Galaxy 2. C. we are seeing Galaxy 1 as it looked at a later time in the history of the universe than Galaxy 2. D. Galaxy 2 must be twice as old as Galaxy 1.arrow_forwardWhat is dark current ? On what is it depends?arrow_forwardHuman civilization is about 10,000 years old as measured by the development of agriculture. If your telescope collects starlight tonight that has been traveling for 10,000 years, is that star inside or outside our Milky Way Galaxy? Is it likely that the star has changed much during that time?arrow_forward
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