Universe
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781319039448
Author: Robert Geller, Roger Freedman, William J. Kaufmann
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Question
Chapter 23, Problem 6CC
To determine
The way in which the interference of dust particles with the la supernova present in some galaxy confuse astronomers about the distance of the galaxy, that is whether the astronomers will assume that the galaxy is farther or closer.
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Consider the Milky Way disk, which has a 50 kpc diameter and a total height of 600 pc. Suppose
that the Sun orbits precisely at the mid-plane of the disk in a circular orbit. Supernovae explosions
happen randomly throughout the disk at a rate of about 2 per 100 years. Consider a spherical
region around the Sun with a radius of 300 pc. Ignore the Milky Way bulge and halo in this
problem; assume the Milky Way disk is perfectly uniform and extends all the way through the
region of the bulge. (I.e., the Milky Way is modeled *only* as a cylindrical disk--like a hockey puck--
with constant density throughout.)
If a particular supernova goes off at a random location within the disk, what is the probability that it
went off in the 300 pc radius spherical region near the Sun? Express your probability as a
percentage (but without writing the percent sign).
[Hint: there is a 100% probability that the supernova went off somewhere in the volume of the Milky
Way disk; there is a 50% probability that…
If a galaxy contains a supernova that at its brightest has an apparent magnitude of 17, how far
away is the galaxy? Assume that the absolute magnitude of the supernova is -19.
If active core of a galaxy contains a black hole of 10^6 M, what will the orbital period be for matter orbiting the black hole at a distance of 0.34 Au? (Hint: use the formula for circular velocity, Vc = GM/R
______ hr
Chapter 23 Solutions
Universe
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- Would you expect to observe every supernova in our own Galaxy? Why or why not?arrow_forwardQuestion 3: (a) A Type la supernova is seen to occur in the central bulge of a spiral galaxy. At its peak, the total apparent magnitude of the bulge plus the supernova is V= 13.68. Pre-explosion images reveal the bulge alone to have a magnitude V= 14.21. Assuming that all Type Ia supernova have peak absolute visual magnitudes of My = -19.30, calculate the distance to this galaxy, assuming there is no extinction in the direction of the supernova.arrow_forwardQuestion 3: (a) A Type la supernova is seen to occur in the central bulge of a spiral galaxy. At its peak, the total apparent magnitude of the bulge plus the supernova is V= 13.68. Pre-explosion images reveal the bulge alone to have a magnitude V= 14.21. Assuming that all Type Ia supernova have peak absolute visual magnitudes of My = -19.30, calculate the distance to this galaxy, assuming there is no extinction in the direction of the supernova. (b) Estimate the observed wavelength of the Hẞ line (rest-frame wavelength 486.1 nm) in this galaxy. Assume the Hubble constant has the value 67.4 kms ¹Mpc-¹.arrow_forward
- Figure 2 shows the "rotation curve" of NGC 2742. It plots the “radial velocity (V)" (how fast material is moving either toward or away from us) that is measured for objects at different distances (R = radius") from the center of the galaxy. The center of the galaxy is at 0 kpc (kiloparsecs) with a speed of 9 km/sec away from us. (These velocities have been corrected for the observed tilt of the galaxy and represent true orbital velocities of the stars and gas.) 200 100 U4779 -100 As you can see, one side of the galaxy is moving with a negative velocity (spinning toward us), while the other side has a positive velocity (spinning away from us). Using Newton's gravity equation, we will be able to determine the gravitational mass of the entire galaxy and how the mass varies versus distance from the galaxy's center. -200 -8 8 -4 Radius (kpc) Read the following text carefully and follow the instructions: Select five radii spaced evenly from 0-10 kpc across the galaxy. Your selections should…arrow_forwardIf the active core of a galaxy contains a black hole of 106 M, what will the orbital period be for matter orbiting the black hole at a distance of 0.23 AU? Hint: Use the formula for circular velocity, V. GM V hrarrow_forwardA planetary nebula expanded in radius 0.3 arc seconds in 30 years. Doppler measurements show the nebula is expanding at a rate of 35 km/s. How far away is the nebula in parsecs? First, determine what distance the nebular expanded in parsecs during the time mentioned. Δd = vpc/sTs So we first need to convert the rate into pc/s and the time into seconds: vpc/s = vkm/s (1 pc / 3.09 x 1013km) vpc/s = ? Ts = (Tyr)(365 days/yr)(24 hrs/day)(3600 s/hr) Ts = ? s Δd= vpc/sTs Therefore, Δd = ? pcarrow_forward
- If a galaxy contains a supernova that at its brightest has an apparent magnitude of +15, how far away is the galaxy? Assume that the absolute magnitude of the supernova is −17. Use the magnitude-distance formula: d = 10(mV − MV + 5)/5 .arrow_forwardConsider the following five kinds of objects: open cluster, giant molecular cloud, globular cluster, group of O and B stars, and planetary nebulae. A. Which occur only in spiral arms? B. Which occur only in the parts of the Galaxy other than the spiral arms? C. Which are thought to be very young? D. Which are thought to be very old? E. Which have the hottest stars?arrow_forwardWhy does star formation occur primarily in the disk of the Galaxy?arrow_forward
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