Chemistry: Principles and Reactions
8th Edition
ISBN: 9781305079373
Author: William L. Masterton, Cecile N. Hurley
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 23, Problem 47QAP
Plants synthesize carbohydrates from CO2 and H2O by the process of photosynthesis. For example,
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Chapter 23 Solutions
Chemistry: Principles and Reactions
Ch. 23 - Prob. 1QAPCh. 23 - Prob. 2QAPCh. 23 - Prob. 3QAPCh. 23 - Prob. 4QAPCh. 23 - Prob. 5QAPCh. 23 - Prob. 6QAPCh. 23 - Prob. 7QAPCh. 23 - Prob. 8QAPCh. 23 - Prob. 9QAPCh. 23 - Prob. 10QAP
Ch. 23 - Prob. 11QAPCh. 23 - Prob. 12QAPCh. 23 - Prob. 13QAPCh. 23 - Prob. 14QAPCh. 23 - Prob. 15QAPCh. 23 - Prob. 16QAPCh. 23 - Prob. 17QAPCh. 23 - Prob. 18QAPCh. 23 - Prob. 19QAPCh. 23 - Prob. 20QAPCh. 23 - How many chiral carbon atoms are there in ...Ch. 23 - How many chiral carbon atoms are there in sucrose?...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23QAPCh. 23 - Give the structural formulas of two different...Ch. 23 - (a) How many tripeptides can be made from glycine,...Ch. 23 - Prob. 26QAPCh. 23 - Prob. 27QAPCh. 23 - Prob. 28QAPCh. 23 - For alanine, Ka1=5.1105,Ka2=1.81010 . Calculate...Ch. 23 - Prob. 30QAPCh. 23 - On complete hydrolysis, a polypeptide gives two...Ch. 23 - Prob. 32QAPCh. 23 - Prob. 33QAPCh. 23 - Prob. 34QAPCh. 23 - Prob. 35QAPCh. 23 - Prob. 36QAPCh. 23 - Prob. 37QAPCh. 23 - Prob. 38QAPCh. 23 - Prob. 39QAPCh. 23 - Prob. 40QAPCh. 23 - Prob. 41QAPCh. 23 - Sketch the form in which leucine would exist in...Ch. 23 - How many tripeptides could one make from glycine,...Ch. 23 - A 1.00-mg sample of a pure protein yielded on...Ch. 23 - Describe what is meant by (a) the primary...Ch. 23 - Glycolysis is the process by which glucose is...Ch. 23 - Plants synthesize carbohydrates from CO2 and H2O...Ch. 23 - Prob. 48QAPCh. 23 - Prob. 49QAPCh. 23 - Prob. 50QAPCh. 23 - Prob. 51QAPCh. 23 - Aspartic acid acts as a triprotic acid with...
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- Actually, the carbon in CO2(g) is thermodynamically unstable with respect to the carbon in calcium carbonate(limestone). Verify this by determining the standardGibbs free energy change for the reaction of lime,CaO(s), with CO2(g) to make CaCO3(s).arrow_forwarda Calculate K1, at 25C for sulfurous acid: H2SO3(aq)H+(aq)+HSO3(aq) b Which thermodynamic factor is the most significant in accounting for the fact that sulfurous acid is a weak acid? Why?arrow_forwarda Calculate K1, at 25C for phosphoric acid: H3PO4(aq)H+(aq)+H2PO4(aq) b Which thermodynamic factor is the most significant in accounting for the fact that phosphoric acid is a weak acid? Why ?arrow_forward
- What is the sign of the standard Gibbs free-energy change at low temperatures and at high temperatures for the explosive decomposition of TNT? Use your knowledge of TNT and the chemical equation, particularly the phases, to answer this question. (Thermodynamic data for TNT are not in Appendix G.) 2C7H5N3O6(s) 3N2(g) + 5H2O() + 7C(s) + 7CO(g)arrow_forwardAnother step in the metabolism of glucose, which occurs after the formation of glucose6-phosphate, is the conversion of fructose6-phosphate to fructose1,6-bisphosphate(bis meanstwo): Fructose6-phosphate(aq) + H2PO4(aq) fructose l,6-bisphosphate(aq) + H2O() + H+(aq) (a) This reaction has a Gibbs free energy change of +16.7 kJ/mol of fructose6-phosphate. Is it endergonic or exergonic? (b) Write the equation for the formation of 1 mol ADP fromATR for which rG = 30.5 kJ/mol. (c) Couple these two reactions to get an exergonic process;write its overall chemical equation, and calculate theGibbs free energy change.arrow_forwardCalculate the standard Gibbs free-energy change when SO3 forms from SO2 and O2 at 298 K. Why is sulfur trioxide an important substance to study? (Hint: What happens when it combines with water?)arrow_forward
- The equilibrium constant for a certain reaction increases by a factor of 6.67 when the temperature is increased from 300.0 K to 350.0 K. Calculate the standard change in enthalpy (H) for this reaction (assuming H is temperature-independent).arrow_forwardDetermine the standard Gibbs free energy change, rG, for the reactions of liquid methanol, of CO(g), and ofethyne, C2H2(g), with oxygen gas to form gaseous carbondioxide and (if hydrogen is present) liquid water at298 K. Use your calculations to decide which of thesesubstances are kinetically stable and which are thermodynamically stable: CH3OH(), CO(g), C2H9(g), CO2(g),H2O().arrow_forwardWhat information can be determined from G for a reaction? Does one get the same information from G, the standard free energy change? G allows determination of the equilibrium constant K for a reaction. How? How can one estimate the value of K at temperatures other than 25C for a reaction? How can one estimate the temperature where K = 1 for a reaction? Do all reactions have a specific temperature where K = 1?arrow_forward
- Given the following data for sodium Na(s): S =51.2 J/mol K Na(g): S =153.6 J/mol K H f =108.7 kJ/mol K estimate the temperature at which sodium sublimes at 1 atm. Na(s)Na(g)arrow_forwardAdenosine triphosphate, ATP, is used as a free-energy source by biological cells. (See the essay on page 624.) ATP hydrolyzes in the presence of enzymes to give ADP: ATP(aq)+H2O(l)ADP(aq)+H2PO4(aq);G=30.5kJ/molat25C Consider a hypothetical biochemical reaction of molecule A to give molecule B: A(aq)B(aq);G=+15.0kJ/molat25C Calculate the ratio [B]/[A] at 25C at equilibrium. Now consider this reaction coupled to the reaction for the hydrolysis of ATP: A(aq)+ATP(aq)+H2O(l)B(aq)+ADP(aq)+H2PO4(aq) If a cell maintains a high ratio of ATP to ADP and H2PO4 by continuously making ATP, the conversion of A to B can be made highly spontaneous. A characteristic value of this ratio is [ATP][ADP][H2PO4]=500 Calculate the ratio [B][A] in this case and compare it with the uncoupled reaction. Compared with the uncoupled reaction, how much larger is this ratio when coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP?arrow_forwardThe Ostwald process for the commercial production of nitric acid involves three steps: 4NH3(g)+5O2(g)825CPt4NO(g)+6H2O(g)2NO(g)+O2(g)2NO2(g)3NO2(g)+H2O(l)2HNO3(l)+NO(g) a. Calculate H, S,G and K (at 298 K) for each of the three steps in the Ostwald process (see Appendix 4). b. Calculate the equilibrium constant for the first step at 825C, assuming H and S do not depend on temperature. c. Is there a thermodynamic reason for the high temperature in the first step, assuming standard conditions?arrow_forward
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