Biological Science (6th Edition)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780321976499
Author: Scott Freeman, Kim Quillin, Lizabeth Allison, Michael Black, Emily Taylor, Greg Podgorski, Jeff Carmichael
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 23, Problem 9TYPSS
QUANTITATIVE In humans, albinism is caused by loss-of-function mutations in genes involved in the synthesis of melanin, the dark pigment in skin. Only people homozygous for a loss-of-function allele (genotype aa) have the albino
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Imagine that in squirrels, the gene for brown coat is coded by two alleles, D for dark brown and d for light brown. In a population of squirrels in Central Park, you identified 251 DD, 182 Dd , and 117 dd. What is the frequency of the light brown, d allele? Please use and round to four decimal points.
If the frequency of those exhibiting a monogenic autosomal recessive phenotype caused by a rare clinically relevant allele is 1/8500 in a given population, what is the carrier frequency? Please give your answer as a percentage to 3 decimal places, do not include the % symbol.
ANSWER: In a population where the frequency of those exhibiting a monogenic autosomal recessive phenotype caused by only one known mutation is 1/8500 the carrier frequency is a percent.
If the Hardy-Weinberg equation enables us to use information on genotype and allele frequencies to predict the genotype frequencies of the next generation. In a population of 100,000 people carrying the recessive allele a for albinism, there are: 100 aa albinos and 1800 Aa heterozygous carriers.
What is a frequency of heterozygous carriers in the next generation?
Calculate the frequency for the A allele and a allele.
How this will chance the frequency of alleles in a population for the following generation?
Chapter 23 Solutions
Biological Science (6th Edition)
Ch. 23 - PROCESS OF SCIENCE In what sense is the...Ch. 23 - 2. Why isn’t inbreeding considered an evolutionary...Ch. 23 - 3. CAUTION Why is genetic drift aptly named?
a. It...Ch. 23 - 4. True or false? Gene flow can either increase or...Ch. 23 - 5. QUANTITATIVE In a population of 2500, how many...Ch. 23 - 6. In the 1700s and 1800s, royalty in Europe often...Ch. 23 - 7. CAUTION Determine what is incorrect in the...Ch. 23 - MODEL Draw a small concept map (BioSkllls 12 )...Ch. 23 - 9. QUANTITATIVE In humans, albinism is caused by...Ch. 23 - Prob. 10TYPSS
Ch. 23 - Are toucans important to tropical forests? Human...Ch. 23 - QUANTITATIVE Toucans can eat fruits with large...Ch. 23 - 13. Do these data illustrate directional,...Ch. 23 - 14. Large seeds carry more resources than small...Ch. 23 - 15. PROCESS OF SCIENCE The data in the graphs are...Ch. 23 - 16. SOCIETY If you were a journalist covering this...
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- Differentiate genetic drift from genetic shift. What is genotype frequency? How do you get the genotype frequency? Give formula and cite example.arrow_forwardAn hypothesis for the extinction of the dinosaurs is that the earth had been hit by a gigantic meteor that caused the death of those big reptiles. In that case the entire genetic pool of those animals has been destroyed, invalidating the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. In Genetics what is this type of gene frequency change called?arrow_forwardUsing the HardyWeinberg Law in Human Genetics Suppose you are monitoring the allelic and genotypic frequencies of the MN blood group locus (see Question 2 for a description of the MN blood group) in a small human population. You find that for 1-year-old children, the genotypic frequencies are MM = 0.25, MN = 0.5, and NN = 0.25, whereas the genotypic frequencies for adults are MM = 0.3, MN = 0.4, and NN = 0.3. a. Compute the M and N allele frequencies for 1-year-olds and adults. b. Are the allele frequencies in equilibrium in this population? c. Are the genotypic frequencies in equilibrium?arrow_forward
- Using the HardyWeinberg Law in Human Genetics In a given population, the frequencies of the four phenotypic classes of the ABO blood groups are found to be A = 0.33, B = 0.33, AB = 0.18, and i = 0.16. What is the frequency of the i allele?arrow_forwardAlbinism is due to a recessive allele of an autosomal gene. Let a represent the albino allele and A represent the normal non-albino allele. If one out of every 10,000 people were albino and assuming that the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, A. what would be the phenotype frequencies of albino and non-albino ? B. what would be the allele frequencies of a and of A? C. what fraction of people can be expected to be of the genotype Aa? D. what fraction of people can be expected to be of the genotype AA?arrow_forwardA genetic mutation that causes deafness in humans has an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance. In a study of a population of 235 Turkish children, 48 displayed the recessive phenotype. The frequency of the heterozygous genotype in the population of Turkish children described above is?arrow_forward
- SUBJECT GENETICS Topic: Population Genetics Say something about HARDY-WEINBERG Principle pertaining to population genetics. If both allele and genotypic frequencies NOT remain constant from generation to the next generation, some assumptions are NOT being met, what could be expected for such changes to occur? Give examples.arrow_forward. In pea plants, height is controlled by a Dominant Allele (T) for Tall Height and by a Recessive Allele (t) for Short Height. If 96% of a population of pea plants have the tall phenotype, calculate the frequencies of dominant allele (T) & recessive (t) alleles. Out of the 96%, what is the estimation of how many are homozygous dominant vs. heterozygous? What is the frequency of the recessive phenotype?arrow_forwardIdentify each of the following as an example of allele, genotype, and/or phenotype frequency: A. Approximately 1 in 2500 people of Northern European descent is born with cystic fibrosis. B. The percentage of carriers of the sickle cell allele in West Africa is approximately 13%. C. The number of new mutations for achondroplasia, a genetic disorder, is approximately 5 × 10–5.arrow_forward
- Let’s suppose that pigmentation in a species of insect is controlled by a single gene existing in two alleles, D for dark and d for light. The heterozygote Dd is intermediate in color. In a heterogeneous environment, the allele frequencies are D = 0.7 and d = 0.3. This polymorphism is maintained because the environment has some dimly lit forested areas and some sunny fields. During a hurricane, a group of 1000 insects is blown to a completely sunny area. In this environment, the fitness values are DD = 0.3, Dd = 0.7, and dd = 1.0. Calculate the allele frequencies in the next generation.arrow_forwardBased on this information (picture) A. What is the probability that a randomly sampled individual from the population has two copies of the a allele (that is, that it has an aa genotype)? B. What is the probability that both members of a randomly sampled married couple (man and woman) are aa at the asparagus-smelling gene? C. What is the probability that both members of a randomly sampled married couple (man and woman) are heterozygotes at this locus (meaning that each person has one allele A and one allele a)? D. Consider the type of couple described in (c). What is the probability that the first child of such a couple also has one A allele and one a allele (is a heterozygote)? Remember that the child must receive exactly one allele from each parent.arrow_forwardApplying the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Albinism in humans is recessive and autosomal. Assume that 1% of the individuals in a given population are albino. What percentage of the individuals within this population is expected to be heterozygous?arrow_forward
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