Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 24, Problem 15TYK
Imagine that you are a systematist studying a group of little- known flowering plants. You discover that the phylogenetic tree based on flower morphology differs dramatically from the phylogenetic tree based on DNA sequences. How would you try to resolve the discrepancy? Which tree would you believe is more accurate?
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Students have asked these similar questions
a) What is a phylogenetic tree?
b) What is a branch point?
c) What are sister taxa?
d) What is a ‘rooted’ phylogenetic tree?
Phylogenetic trees are used to show the evolutionary relationships among various biological species and are usually based upon shared derived characters. In constructing phylogenetic trees, it is useful to first draw up a character table to show the presence or absence of characters among the various groups of organisms being studied.
a. Draw up a character table based upon the following shared derived characters of land plants: flowers, seeds, vascular tissues, and dependent embryos. Your character table must include the names/descriptions of the plant groups that are being characterized.
b. Construct a phylogenetic tree based on this data.
Do you find it easy to interpret phylogenetic trees?
What aspects are the most challenging or what aspects of the tree can be easily misinterpreted?
What strategies can students use to correct or avoid these common misinterpretations?
Do you consider phylogenetic trees to be reliable indicators of evolutionary relationships?
Include a reference.
Chapter 24 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 24.1 - How does the system of binomial nomenclature...Ch. 24.1 - Prob. 2SBCh. 24.2 - What is the difference between a phylogenetic tree...Ch. 24.2 - What are the differences between a monophyletic...Ch. 24.3 - Prob. 1SBCh. 24.3 - Prob. 2SBCh. 24.3 - Prob. 3SBCh. 24.4 - Prob. 1SBCh. 24.5 - How does outgroup comparison facilitate the...Ch. 24.5 - Prob. 2SB
Ch. 24.5 - Prob. 3SBCh. 24.6 - What assumption underlies the use of genetic...Ch. 24.6 - Prob. 2SBCh. 24.7 - Prob. 1SBCh. 24.7 - Prob. 2SBCh. 24 - The evolutionary history of a group of organisms...Ch. 24 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 24 - Which of the following does not help systematists...Ch. 24 - In a cladistic analysis, a systematist groups...Ch. 24 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 24 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 24 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 24 - When systematists study morphological or...Ch. 24 - Which of the following pairs of structures are...Ch. 24 - To construct a phylogenetic tree by applying the...Ch. 24 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 24 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 24 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 24 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 24 - Imagine that you are a systematist studying a...Ch. 24 - Design an Experiment Imagine that you are trying...Ch. 24 - Prob. 17TYKCh. 24 - The phylogenetic tree for 12 cat species (Felidae)...
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- Based on the past activities about constructing of phylogenetic trees, how do you distinguish characteristics between primitive and derived characteristics? provide and example to your answerarrow_forwardWithin the field of phylogenetics, what does a “bootstrap value” represent? (write/make 3 points for this question)arrow_forwardHow did you use interpretation of the phylogenetic tree to select an answer?arrow_forward
- DRAW IT Use the letters a–d to label where on the phylogenetictree each of the following derived characters appears.(A) flowers(B) embryos(C) seeds(D) vascular tissuearrow_forwardWhat explanation can be derived from the constructed phylogenetic tree above?arrow_forwardConstruct a phylogenetic tree using the character table below. Mark the characters on THE TREE. 0 means the character is present and 1 means the character is not presentarrow_forward
- Examine the following phylogenetic tree illustrated in Figure shown in the picture. In general, what does a phylogenetic tree illustrate? How do you compare the relationships of organisms BB, CC, and DD?arrow_forwardWhat is the difference between a cladogram and a phylogenetic tree? Given a cladogram for a group of species, what additional interpretation is needed to obtain a phylogenetic tree?arrow_forwardDraw a simple phylogenetic tree for two sisters clades with a common ancestor. Each sister clade consists of two taxa. Define the following terms and use to label your diagram: clade, node, branch, common ancestor, and taxon.arrow_forward
- Discuss the problems in developing an accurate phylogenetic tree. Do you think it is possible to create a completely accurate universal phylogenetic tree? Explain your answer.arrow_forwardWhat is the purpose of using an “outgroup” when reconstructing a phylogenetic tree? Write 4 points at leastarrow_forwardGenerate a present (1) or absent (0) code of each character. Afterward, draw the overall phylogenetic tree with the corresponding characters splitting the tree.arrow_forward
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