The two differences in the reactions for fatty acid synthesis and the reaction for fatty acid degradation should be described. Concept introduction: Fatty acids are aliphatic mono-carboxylic acids that are mostly obtained from the hydrolysis of natural fats and oils. They have a general formula R − ( C H 2 ) n − C O O H , n is mostly an even number of carbon atoms (4 to 20) with a few exceptions that have an odd number. β-oxidation is the oxidation and splitting of two carbon units at β - carbon atom. This results in sequential removal of 2 carbon fragments as acetyl CoA until the complete oxidation of fatty acids. The four important steps of β-oxidation are, Step 1: Dehydrogenation of the fatty acyl-CoA to make ‘trans’ double bond between α and β carbon. Short, medium and long chain acyl-CoAdehydrogenases Electron removed transferred to FAD Step 2: Hydration of the double bond. Step 3: Dehydrogenation of the β-hydroxyl group to a ketone. Electron removed transferred to N A D + Step 4: Acylation-addition of CoA and production of and production of acetyl-CoA Lipogenesis is the metabolic pathway by which fatty acids are synthesized from acetyl-CoA. Lipogenesis requires; Synthesis of fatty acids and glycerol Activation of fatty acids by CoA and glycerol by glycerokinase The combination of activated fatty acids and activated glycerol to produce TAG (triacylglycerol)

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 24, Problem 24.63AP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The two differences in the reactions for fatty acid synthesis and the reaction for fatty acid degradation should be described.

Concept introduction:

Fatty acids are aliphatic mono-carboxylic acids that are mostly obtained from the hydrolysis of natural fats and oils. They have a general formula R−(CH2)n−COOH, n is mostly an even number of carbon atoms (4 to 20) with a few exceptions that have an odd number.

β-oxidation is the oxidation and splitting of two carbon units at β- carbon atom. This results in sequential removal of 2 carbon fragments as acetyl CoA until the complete oxidation of fatty acids.

The four important steps of β-oxidation are,

Step 1: Dehydrogenation of the fatty acyl-CoA to make ‘trans’ double bond between α and β carbon.

Short, medium and long chain acyl-CoAdehydrogenases

Electron removed transferred to FAD

Step 2: Hydration of the double bond.

Step 3: Dehydrogenation of the β-hydroxyl group to a ketone.

Electron removed transferred to NAD+

Step 4: Acylation-addition of CoA and production of and production of acetyl-CoA

Lipogenesis is the metabolic pathway by which fatty acids are synthesized from acetyl-CoA.

Lipogenesis requires;

Synthesis of fatty acids and glycerol

Activation of fatty acids by CoA and glycerol by glycerokinase

The combination of activated fatty acids and activated glycerol to produce TAG (triacylglycerol)

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Describe beta oxidation and tell where it takes place Where does most of the glycerol produced by fatty acid breakdown go?

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List three differences between fatty acid synthesis andb-oxidation.

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 24, Problem 24.63AP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The two differences in the reactions for fatty acid synthesis and the reaction for fatty acid degradation should be described.

Concept introduction:

Fatty acids are aliphatic mono-carboxylic acids that are mostly obtained from the hydrolysis of natural fats and oils. They have a general formula R−(CH2)n−COOH, n is mostly an even number of carbon atoms (4 to 20) with a few exceptions that have an odd number.

β-oxidation is the oxidation and splitting of two carbon units at β- carbon atom. This results in sequential removal of 2 carbon fragments as acetyl CoA until the complete oxidation of fatty acids.

The four important steps of β-oxidation are,

Step 1: Dehydrogenation of the fatty acyl-CoA to make ‘trans’ double bond between α and β carbon.

Short, medium and long chain acyl-CoAdehydrogenases

Electron removed transferred to FAD

Step 2: Hydration of the double bond.

Step 3: Dehydrogenation of the β-hydroxyl group to a ketone.

Electron removed transferred to NAD+

Step 4: Acylation-addition of CoA and production of and production of acetyl-CoA

Lipogenesis is the metabolic pathway by which fatty acids are synthesized from acetyl-CoA.

Lipogenesis requires;

Synthesis of fatty acids and glycerol

Activation of fatty acids by CoA and glycerol by glycerokinase

The combination of activated fatty acids and activated glycerol to produce TAG (triacylglycerol)

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 24, Problem 24.63AP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The two differences in the reactions for fatty acid synthesis and the reaction for fatty acid degradation should be described.

Concept introduction:

Fatty acids are aliphatic mono-carboxylic acids that are mostly obtained from the hydrolysis of natural fats and oils. They have a general formula R−(CH2)n−COOH, n is mostly an even number of carbon atoms (4 to 20) with a few exceptions that have an odd number.

β-oxidation is the oxidation and splitting of two carbon units at β- carbon atom. This results in sequential removal of 2 carbon fragments as acetyl CoA until the complete oxidation of fatty acids.

The four important steps of β-oxidation are,

Step 1: Dehydrogenation of the fatty acyl-CoA to make ‘trans’ double bond between α and β carbon.

Short, medium and long chain acyl-CoAdehydrogenases

Electron removed transferred to FAD

Step 2: Hydration of the double bond.

Step 3: Dehydrogenation of the β-hydroxyl group to a ketone.

Electron removed transferred to NAD+

Step 4: Acylation-addition of CoA and production of and production of acetyl-CoA

Lipogenesis is the metabolic pathway by which fatty acids are synthesized from acetyl-CoA.

Lipogenesis requires;

Synthesis of fatty acids and glycerol

Activation of fatty acids by CoA and glycerol by glycerokinase

The combination of activated fatty acids and activated glycerol to produce TAG (triacylglycerol)

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 24, Problem 24.63AP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The two differences in the reactions for fatty acid synthesis and the reaction for fatty acid degradation should be described.

Concept introduction:

Fatty acids are aliphatic mono-carboxylic acids that are mostly obtained from the hydrolysis of natural fats and oils. They have a general formula R−(CH2)n−COOH, n is mostly an even number of carbon atoms (4 to 20) with a few exceptions that have an odd number.

β-oxidation is the oxidation and splitting of two carbon units at β- carbon atom. This results in sequential removal of 2 carbon fragments as acetyl CoA until the complete oxidation of fatty acids.

The four important steps of β-oxidation are,

Step 1: Dehydrogenation of the fatty acyl-CoA to make ‘trans’ double bond between α and β carbon.

Short, medium and long chain acyl-CoAdehydrogenases

Electron removed transferred to FAD

Step 2: Hydration of the double bond.

Step 3: Dehydrogenation of the β-hydroxyl group to a ketone.

Electron removed transferred to NAD+

Step 4: Acylation-addition of CoA and production of and production of acetyl-CoA

Lipogenesis is the metabolic pathway by which fatty acids are synthesized from acetyl-CoA.

Lipogenesis requires;

Synthesis of fatty acids and glycerol

Activation of fatty acids by CoA and glycerol by glycerokinase

The combination of activated fatty acids and activated glycerol to produce TAG (triacylglycerol)

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 5

Chapter 24, Problem 24.63AP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The two differences in the reactions for fatty acid synthesis and the reaction for fatty acid degradation should be described.

Concept introduction:

Fatty acids are aliphatic mono-carboxylic acids that are mostly obtained from the hydrolysis of natural fats and oils. They have a general formula R−(CH2)n−COOH, n is mostly an even number of carbon atoms (4 to 20) with a few exceptions that have an odd number.

β-oxidation is the oxidation and splitting of two carbon units at β- carbon atom. This results in sequential removal of 2 carbon fragments as acetyl CoA until the complete oxidation of fatty acids.

The four important steps of β-oxidation are,

Step 1: Dehydrogenation of the fatty acyl-CoA to make ‘trans’ double bond between α and β carbon.

Short, medium and long chain acyl-CoAdehydrogenases

Electron removed transferred to FAD

Step 2: Hydration of the double bond.

Step 3: Dehydrogenation of the β-hydroxyl group to a ketone.

Electron removed transferred to NAD+

Step 4: Acylation-addition of CoA and production of and production of acetyl-CoA

Lipogenesis is the metabolic pathway by which fatty acids are synthesized from acetyl-CoA.

Lipogenesis requires;

Synthesis of fatty acids and glycerol

Activation of fatty acids by CoA and glycerol by glycerokinase

The combination of activated fatty acids and activated glycerol to produce TAG (triacylglycerol)

Answer 6

Chapter 24, Problem 24.63AP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The two differences in the reactions for fatty acid synthesis and the reaction for fatty acid degradation should be described.

Concept introduction:

Fatty acids are aliphatic mono-carboxylic acids that are mostly obtained from the hydrolysis of natural fats and oils. They have a general formula R−(CH2)n−COOH, n is mostly an even number of carbon atoms (4 to 20) with a few exceptions that have an odd number.

β-oxidation is the oxidation and splitting of two carbon units at β- carbon atom. This results in sequential removal of 2 carbon fragments as acetyl CoA until the complete oxidation of fatty acids.

The four important steps of β-oxidation are,

Step 1: Dehydrogenation of the fatty acyl-CoA to make ‘trans’ double bond between α and β carbon.

Short, medium and long chain acyl-CoAdehydrogenases

Electron removed transferred to FAD

Step 2: Hydration of the double bond.

Step 3: Dehydrogenation of the β-hydroxyl group to a ketone.

Electron removed transferred to NAD+

Step 4: Acylation-addition of CoA and production of and production of acetyl-CoA

Lipogenesis is the metabolic pathway by which fatty acids are synthesized from acetyl-CoA.

Lipogenesis requires;

Synthesis of fatty acids and glycerol

Activation of fatty acids by CoA and glycerol by glycerokinase

The combination of activated fatty acids and activated glycerol to produce TAG (triacylglycerol)

Answer 7

Chapter 24, Problem 24.63AP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The two differences in the reactions for fatty acid synthesis and the reaction for fatty acid degradation should be described.

Concept introduction:

Fatty acids are aliphatic mono-carboxylic acids that are mostly obtained from the hydrolysis of natural fats and oils. They have a general formula R−(CH2)n−COOH, n is mostly an even number of carbon atoms (4 to 20) with a few exceptions that have an odd number.

β-oxidation is the oxidation and splitting of two carbon units at β- carbon atom. This results in sequential removal of 2 carbon fragments as acetyl CoA until the complete oxidation of fatty acids.

The four important steps of β-oxidation are,

Step 1: Dehydrogenation of the fatty acyl-CoA to make ‘trans’ double bond between α and β carbon.

Short, medium and long chain acyl-CoAdehydrogenases

Electron removed transferred to FAD

Step 2: Hydration of the double bond.

Step 3: Dehydrogenation of the β-hydroxyl group to a ketone.

Electron removed transferred to NAD+

Step 4: Acylation-addition of CoA and production of and production of acetyl-CoA

Lipogenesis is the metabolic pathway by which fatty acids are synthesized from acetyl-CoA.

Lipogenesis requires;

Synthesis of fatty acids and glycerol

Activation of fatty acids by CoA and glycerol by glycerokinase

The combination of activated fatty acids and activated glycerol to produce TAG (triacylglycerol)

Answer 8

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Answer 9

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Answer 10

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Answer 11

Ch. 24.1 - Prob. 24.1KCP Ch. 24.3 - Prob. 24.2P Ch. 24.3 - Prob. 24.3P Ch. 24.5 - Prob. 24.4KCP Ch. 24.5 - Prob. 24.5P Ch. 24.5 - Prob. 24.6P Ch. 24.5 - How much energy is released as ATP from the...Ch. 24.6 - Prob. 24.1CIAP Ch. 24.6 - Prob. 24.2CIAP Ch. 24.6 - Prob. 24.3CIAP

Solution Summary: The author explains that fatty acids are aliphatic monocarboxylic acids that are mostly obtained from the hydrolysis of natural fats and oils.

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Chapter 24 Solutions