For fluid flow over a surface, the heat flux to the surface can be computed as
Where
y, cm | 0 | 1 | 3 | 5 |
T, K | 900 | 480 | 270 | 200 |
If
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EBK NUMERICAL METHODS FOR ENGINEERS
- Ql: The viscosity in industrial measurement continue to use the CGS system of Lunits, since centimeters and grams vield convenient numbers for many fluids. The absolute viscosity () unit is the poise, I poise = 1 gtem. s). The kinematic viscosity (v) unit is the stohes, I stokes = 1 em /s. Water at 20C has u = 001 poise and also V= 0.01 stokes. Express these resalts in (a) SI and (h) BG tanits.arrow_forwardQ(2) Complete the blank cells in the following table of properties of steam. In the last column describe the condition of steam as compressed liquid, saturated mixture, superheated vapor, or insufficient information; and, if applicable, give the quality. Р (кра) T ('C) v, m'/kg u, KJ/Kg Phase description 300 35 130.24 313.22 135 600 1.34139 275 0.500 600 3090arrow_forwardQ1. Honey is a very widely used ingredient in cooking all around the world. Many commercial honey manufacturers heat treat honey to remove harmful bacteria that may be present. The density and viscosity of the honey varies with temperature, as shown in table 1. Temperature K 293 298 303 308 313 318 323 Density kg/m³ 1403 1398 1393 1388 1383 1378 1373 Viscosity Pas 55.66 46.45 37.99 30.28 23.32 17.11 11.65 Table 1: Fluid properties of honey. A particular processing facility heats and sterilises 500 kg of unprocessed honey every 30 minutes. The unpro- cessed honey is stored in large vats, then pumped though pipes into heating units before being pumped through another pipe to be bottled. The pipe carrying the honey from a storage container, which is 11 m tall, to a heating unit is 5 m long and has a diameter of 10 cm. Prior to being heated the honey is kept at 25°C. (a) What is the pressure difference between the top and bottom of a storage vat when it is full? (b) What is the volume flow…arrow_forward
- Cardiologists use the short-range scaling exponent α1, which measures the randomness of heart rate patterns, as a tool to assess risk of heart attack. The article “Applying Fractal Analysis to Short Sets of Heart Rate Variability Data” compared values of α1 computed from long series of measurements (approximately 40,000 heartbeats) with those estimated from the first 300 beats to determine how well the long-term measurement (y) could be predicted the short-term one (x). Following are the data (obtained by digitizing a graph). Short Long 0.54 0.55 1.02 0.79 1.4 0.81 0.88 0.9 1.68 1.05 1.16 1.05 0.82 1.05 0.93 1.07 1.26 1.1 1.18 1.19 0.81 1.19 0.81 1.2 1.28 1.23 1.18 1.23 0.71 1.24 Note: This problem has a reduced data set for ease of performing the calculations required. This differs from the data set given for this problem in the text. Compute the least-squares line for predicting the long-term measurement from the short-term measurement.…arrow_forwardThe heat transfer between a solid body and a fluid medium is determined by the equation Q=h·A·(Ts-Tf). Here; Q is the amount of heat transferred, h is the heat transfer coefficient, A is the heat transfer surface area, Ts is the temperature of the surface and Tf is the temperature of the fluid. These parameters were measured as h=250±1.75 W/m2ºC, A=20±0.75 m2, Ts =100±0.75ºC and Tf =25±0.75ºC, including error levels. What is the total uncertainty in the amount of heat transferred, in ±%? a. 3.98 b. 4.07 c. 2.73 d. 2.95 e. 3.88arrow_forwardDesigning safe boilers depends on knowing how steam behaves under certain changes in temperature and pressure. Steam tables, such as the one below, are published giving values of the function V = f(T, P) where V is the volume (in cubic feet) of one pound of steam at a temperature of T (in degrees Fahrenheit) and pressure P (in pounds per square inch). T//P 480 500 520 540 20 22 24 26 27.85 25.31 23.19 21.39 28.46 25.86 23.69 21.86 29.06 26.41 24.20 22.33 29.66 26.95 24.70 22.79 a) Find the tangent plane to V = f(T, P) for T near 520°F and P near 24 lb/in². [Hint: Use the tables to approximate your partial derivatives and recall the equation of our tangent plane is: V = VT(T − To) + Vp(P - Po) + f(T, P) ] b) Use the tangent plane to estimate the volume of a pound of steam at a temperature of 525°F and P near 24.3 lb/in².arrow_forward
- As we explained in earlier chapters, the air resistance to the motion of a vehicle is something important that engineers investigate. The drag force acting on a car is determined experimentally by placing the car in a wind tunnel. The air speed inside the tunnel is changed, and the drag force acting on the car is measured. For a given car, the experimental data generally is represented by a single coefficient that is called drag coefficient. It is defined by the following relationship: F, where air resistance for a car that has a listed C, = drag coefficient (unitless) measured drag force (N) drag coefficient of 0.4 and width of 190 cm and height of 145 cm. Vary the air speed in the range of 15 m/sarrow_forwardUse the following TTT Diagram for the following questions: 800 A 1400 -Eutectoid temperature 700 1200 600 1000 500 800 400 600 300 Mistart) 200 50% 400 M+A M(50%) M(90%) 100 200 10-1 10 102 103 10 105 Time (s) Temperature ("C) Termperature (°F)arrow_forwardThe stress profile shown below is applied to six different biological materials: Log Time (s] The mechanical behavior of each of the materials can be modeled as a Voigt body. In response to o,= 20 Pa applied to each of the six materials, the following responses are obtained: 2 of Maferial 6 Material 5 0.12 0.10 Material 4 0.08 Material 3 0.06 0.04 Material 2 0.02 Material 1 (a) Which of the materials has the highest Young's Modulus (E)? Why? Log Time (s) (b) Using strain value of 0.06, estimate the coefficient of viscosity (n) for Material 6. Stress (kPa) Strainarrow_forwardWe performed the experiment to measure the thermal conductivity of 2 materials (Brass & Steel) in the laboratory and measured the following tabulated values: Material 1 - BRASS (Diameter = 25mm) Power Temperature (°C) Q' (W) 2 3 4 6 7 8 1 5 9 14.6 78.9 77.5 76 50.2 46.7 42.4 36.1 34.6 33.6 Material 2 - STEEL (Diameter = 25mm) Power Temperature (°C) 7 Q' (W) 14.25 2 3 1 9 88.6 87.4 85 34.1 33.4 32.7 CALCULATE THE FOLLOWING: MATERIAL 1 - BRASS Calculation for Brass Quantities Calculated Values Power (Q') W Area of cross section (A) m2 Difference in Temperature between two points (AT) °C Difference in distance between two points (Ax) m Thermal conductivity of brass (k,) W/m'C MATERIAL 2 - STEEL Calculation for Steel Quantities Calculated Values Power (Q') W Area of cross section (A) m? Difference in Temperature between two points (AT) "C Difference in distance between two points (Ax) m Thermal conductivity of steel (k,) W/m°Carrow_forward1- The thrust (P l ) of a propeller depends upon diameter (D); speed (u) through a fluid density (p); revolution per minute (N); and dynamic viscosity (u) Show that: P = (p D² u²) f P Du [; where fis any function.arrow_forward16000 1.440 14000 1.435 12000 1.430 10000 1.425 8000 1.420 6000 1.415 4000 1.410 2000 1.405 1.400 45 15 20 25 30 35 40 Temperature ["C] +dynamic viscosity (mPas] + density (gicm") Figure 1 (a) As shown in Figure 1, viscosity and density of honey was found to decrease with increase in temperature. Explain the reasons behind these phenomenon related to Fluid Mechanics in microscopic view. Dynamic viscolsty [mPa.s] Density [g/cm³]arrow_forwardarrow_back_iosSEE MORE QUESTIONSarrow_forward_ios
- Principles of Heat Transfer (Activate Learning wi...Mechanical EngineeringISBN:9781305387102Author:Kreith, Frank; Manglik, Raj M.Publisher:Cengage Learning