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Concept explainers
The data listed in the following table gives hourly measurements of heat flux q
Where
t | 0 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 8 | 10 | 12 | 14 |
Q | 0.10 | 5.32 | 7.80 | 8.00 | 8.03 | 6.27 | 3.54 | 0.20 |
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Chapter 24 Solutions
EBK NUMERICAL METHODS FOR ENGINEERS
- In the United States, electricity is sold using the SI units of kilowatt (kW) or megawatt (MW), and fuel for power generation stations is generally purchased using English units, e.g., British thermal unit (Btu), gallon (gal), and ton. An industrial power plant has an average annual load of 100 MW (electrical). If the overall thermal efficiency is 33% (based on HHV), what is the annual cost of fuel if the plant is fired with (a) natural gas, (b) No. 2 fuel oil, and (c) bituminous coal? Use the data from Tables 2.2, 2.7, and 2.13. Assume the cost of natural gas is $5/million Btu, the cost of No. 2 fuel oil is $3/gal, and the cost of bituminous coal is $60/ton (1 ton = 2000 lbm)arrow_forwardbarometric pressure or 1 atmospheric 1 pressure is equal to 1.019 kgf/cm2 O 1 kgf/cm2 O 0.9 kgf/cm2 O 0 kgf/cm2 O * What is the period of vibration of a system that has k=5000 and m=55 kg 0.658 sec 0 sec O 0.557 sec C 0.612 sec The specific volume of a liquid is :the reciprocal of mass density specific volume specific weight O weight density * A pressure gage connected to a tank reads 500 kPa at a location where the atmospheric pressure is 94 kPa. .Determine the absolute pressure in the tank 594 KPa O 550 KPa 600 KPa 602 KPa A Carnot heat engine operates between a source at 1000 K and a sink at 300 K. If the heat engine is supplied with heat at a rate of 800 kJ/min, determine the thermal efficiency 70% 72% 75% 80% OOarrow_forwardThe beating of the human heart can be modeled by a thermodynamic cycle. In this chapter, we have used PV diagrams to show processes occurring for a gas. Such diagrams can also be used for a liquid, such as blood in the heart. The figure below shows an idealized cycle for the left ventricle (LV) during a single beat of the heart. P(mm Hg) 120 78.0 20.0 10.0 A V (mL) 44.0 149 The cycle begins at point A with the opening of the mitral valve, which fills the LV with blood from the left atrium. During this process, the pressure and volume of the blood in the ventricle increase linearly until the mitral valve closes at point B. At that point, the muscles surrounding the LV contract, increasing the pressure of the blood. Because both the mitral and the aortic valves are closed, and because blood is essentially incompressible, the process is isovolumetric. The pressure increases to the diastolic pressure of 78.0 mm Hg (1 mm Hg = 133.322 Pa) at point C. Now, the aortic valve opens, pumping the…arrow_forward
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- The law which provides the basis temperature measurement is: (a) Third law of thermodynamics (b) Zeroth law of thermodynamics (c) First law of thermodynamics (d) Second law of thermodynamics ofarrow_forwardThe Helmholtz free energy of a liquid column that rises, due to surface tension, inside a capillary tube (Figure 1), as a function of the height, h, is given by: F(h) =(ro)gr^2h^2/2 = -2 pi sigma r h cos teta, where r is the radius of the tube, g is the local ac- celaration of gravity, is the surface tension of the liquid, and is the contact angle of the liquid in contact with the wall of the tube. (a) From this expression, obtain the value of h as a function of the other physical parameters at equilibrium.Calculate the height that water will rise in a capil-lary of diameter 0.05mm. Assume that the contactangle between the water and the tube is zero. Thesurface tension of water at experimental conditionsisσ= 7.73×10−2N/m, and the local accelarationof gravity isg= 9.7m/s2.arrow_forwardAnswer question 2 based on the results of question 1. You have a natural gas furnace in your home that used 78,500 cubic feet of natural gas for heating last winter. Your neighbor has a furnace that burns heating oil, and used 516 gallons of heating oil last winter. You can convert the natural gas and heating oil consumption data into Btu to determine which home used more energy for heating. Natural gas BTU: 1,028 Btu per cubic foot Oil BTU: 138,590 Btu per gallon Natural Gas BTU= 80698000 Btu Oil BTU = 71512440 Btu The home that used a natural gas furnace used more energy for heating. 2. You need a new furnace for your home, and you are comparing systems that use natural gas and heating oil. One factor to consider is the cost of fuel. You can compare the price of the fuels on an equal basis by dividing the price per unit of the fuels by the Btu content per unit of the fuels to get a price per million Btu. Assume Natural gas price = $10.50 per thousand cubic…arrow_forward
- An air-cooled condenser has an expected U value of 30 W/m2∙K based on the airside. The condenser is to transfer 60 kW with an airflow rate of 15 kg/s entering at 35°C. If the condensing temperature is to be 48°C, what is the required airside area in m2? Round your answer to 2 decimal places. heat transferarrow_forwardQ2 The 10kg collar is initially at rest on the bar at position 1 as shown in Figure Q2. The coefficient of friction between collar and the bar is given as u = 0.1. The collar is subjected to a constant force P = 50 N horizontally. The spring has a constant k = 150 N/m and is held by cables so that it is initially compressed 10 cm. Suppose the spring will be compressed 100mm further when the collar hit the spring at position 2. (a) Determine the friction force impose to the collar. (b) Analyze the velocity of collar at position 2.arrow_forwardIf we wanted to supply all the electricity needs for New York City (NYC), with a popula- tion of about 10 million people, using photovoltaics technology, how much land area would we need? What other elements would be required for such an idea to work for NYC? How large of an investment would this involve, and how would the price of electricity in ¢ per kWeh have to increase in order to recover that investment in 10 years at an interest rate of 8%? For comparison, the average New Yorker paid 12¢/kWeh in 2002.arrow_forward
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