Principles of Biology
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781259875120
Author: Robert Brooker, Eric P. Widmaier Dr., Linda Graham Dr. Ph.D., Peter Stiling Dr. Ph.D.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 24.1, Problem 2TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Microbiome is consisted with all the genetic material of entire collection of microbes in a specific environment. Species of archaea, bacteria, protists and
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Gain of Function research, defined as:
"medical research that genetically alters an organism in a way that may enhance the biological functions of gene products."
The worry is that this type of research will lead to the release of dangerous viruses and is unethical; others believe it is necessary to treat future pandemics
is Gain of Function research unethical? Why?
Please use scholarly literature
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Which of the following are called “microbes”, but are not made of cells? (Choose all that apply.)
Group of answer choices
Bacteria
Prions
Archaea
Viruses
Which biological entity does not contain genes?
viruses
mitochondria
prions
bacteria
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- Which of the following characteristics, structures,or processes is common to both bacteria andviruses?(A) metabolism(B) ribosomes(C) genetic material composed of nucleic acid(D) cell divisionarrow_forwardIn terms of microbial pathogenicity, molecular Koch's postulates are a set of experimental criteria that show: A microbe is the aetiological agent of a disease A gene encodes a product that contributes to disease A gene encodes a product that contributes to immunity to a disease A mutation does not contribute to diseasearrow_forwardViruses display many of the characteristics of living organisms. In particular, they reproduce, creating new virus particles. During reproduction, viruses make copies of their genetic material, and some of the copies contain mutations that are beneficial to the virus. For example, HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), the virus that causes the disease AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) mutates so often that its surface proteins change faster than we can develop antiviral drugs. New drug-resistant strains of HIV are appearing constantly. However, viruses can reproduce only after entering a living cell of an organism, because viruses hijack the cell’s machinery and use it to produce new viruses. Where does that combination of characteristics place viruses on the scale of nonlife to life? Are viruses living organisms? Nonliving? If neither of those categories fits the properties of viruses, how should they be classified?arrow_forward
- Drug resistance occurs: - when antibiotics are used incorrectly - against antibiotics and not against synthetic chemotherapeutic agents. - because bacteria are normal microbiota. - when antibiotics are taken after the symptoms disappear. - All of the answers are correct. explain answerarrow_forwardwhat is an aggregate collection of microbial genomes in the microbiota? normal flora microbiome probiotic metabolomicsarrow_forwardAll the followings are biological acellular entities except: a) Bacteriophages b) Bacteria c) Viroid d) Virions e) Prionsarrow_forward
- Gain of Function research, defined as: "medical research that genetically alters an organism in a way that may enhance the biological functions of gene products." The worry is that this type of research will lead to the release of dangerous viruses and is unethical; others believe it is necessary to treat future pandemic is Gain of Function research unethical? Why?arrow_forwardWhat is the difference between bacteria and viruses? Bacteria are non-living pieces of DNA or RNA; viruses are single-celled organisms Viruses are killed by antibiotics; bacteria are killed by probiotics Bacteria are harmful and are the cause of major human diseases; viruses are often helpful and can kill harmful bacteria Bacteria are single-celled organisms capable of survival and reproduction on their own; viruses cannot survive and replicate without a host cellarrow_forwardAfter a virus has entered its host, what factor usually determines the manner (or steps) in which the viral genome is copied and the viral enzymes are produced? the size of the virion the number of infecting virus particles the type of viral genome the type of viral capsidarrow_forward
- The man pictured below wears several dozen ornaments in his skin, most of them applied by piercing. Among the skin’s many functions, it serves as a barrier to potentially dangerous bacteria, and some people object to extensive body piercing on the grounds that it opens the door to infections. Explain why you do or don’t agree with this objection.arrow_forwardWhy are viruses NOT considered living organisms? They are not composed of cells They cannot reproduce on their own They have no nucleus all of the abovearrow_forwardThe term "colonization" is best described as: a large group of unicellular organisms presence of bacteria on our body that may not necessarily cause harm a virus that will colonize bacteria and make the disease more virulent all of the abovearrow_forward
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