Pearson eText Organic Chemistry -- Instant Access (Pearson+)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780135213711
Author: Paula Bruice
Publisher: PEARSON+
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Textbook Question
Chapter 24.9, Problem 19P
Acid-catalyzed dehydration reactions are normally E1 reactions. Why is the acid-catalyzed dehydration in the second reaction of the citric acid cycle an E2 reaction?
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Acid-catalyzed dehydration reactions are normally E1 reactions. Why is the acid-catalyzed dehydration in the second reaction of the citric acid cycle an E2 reaction?
Step 7 of the citric acid cycle is shown. Which statement best describes what occurs
in this step?
CO₂
1
CH
||
CH
+ H₂O
CO₂
fumarate
CO₂™
fumarase HO C-H
CH₂
CO₂
malate
A)
Fumarate undergoes hydrogenation with hydrogens and electrons provided
by the enzyme fumarase.
B) Fumarate undergoes hydration with the aid of the enzyme fumarase.
C) Fumarate undergoes hydrolysis with the aid of the enzyme fumarase.
D) Fumarate undergoes reduction with the aid of the cofactor fumarase.
There are eight chemical reactions that occur in the citric acid cycle process. The reactions of the citric acid cycle are shown in the figure below. You were introduced to several classes of organic reactions. These classes include esterification, decarboxylation, hydration reactions, dehydration of alcohols, oxidation of alcohols, oxidation of aldehydes, reduction of aldehydes, and reduction of ketones. Find at least one of these reaction classes in the citric acid cycle. List the reaction number and the reaction. Write a sentence or two on how you were able to make the classification.
Chapter 24 Solutions
Pearson eText Organic Chemistry -- Instant Access (Pearson+)
Ch. 24.3 - Prob. 2PCh. 24.5 - Prob. 3PCh. 24.5 - Prob. 4PCh. 24.5 - Why does the OH group add to the -carbon rather...Ch. 24.5 - Prob. 6PCh. 24.5 - How many molecules of NADH are formed from the...Ch. 24.6 - Prob. 8PCh. 24.6 - The oxidation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to...Ch. 24.6 - Prob. 10PCh. 24.7 - Prob. 11P
Ch. 24.7 - Prob. 12PCh. 24.7 - Prob. 13PCh. 24.7 - Propose a mechanism for the reduction of...Ch. 24.8 - Prob. 15PCh. 24.9 - Acid-catalyzed dehydration reactions are normally...Ch. 24.9 - Prob. 17PCh. 24.9 - Prob. 18PCh. 24.9 - Acid-catalyzed dehydration reactions are normally...Ch. 24.9 - Prob. 20PCh. 24.9 - Prob. 21PCh. 24.10 - Prob. 22PCh. 24.12 - a. What is the name of the enzyme that converts...Ch. 24.14 - Prob. 24PCh. 24 - Prob. 25PCh. 24 - Prob. 26PCh. 24 - Prob. 27PCh. 24 - S-Adenosylmethionine (SAM) is formed from the...Ch. 24 - Prob. 29PCh. 24 - Prob. 30PCh. 24 - Prob. 31PCh. 24 - Prob. 32PCh. 24 - Prob. 33PCh. 24 - Prob. 34PCh. 24 - Prob. 35PCh. 24 - Prob. 36PCh. 24 - Prob. 37PCh. 24 - Prob. 38PCh. 24 - Prob. 39PCh. 24 - Prob. 40PCh. 24 - Prob. 41PCh. 24 - Prob. 42PCh. 24 - Prob. 43PCh. 24 - Prob. 44PCh. 24 - Prob. 45PCh. 24 - Prob. 46PCh. 24 - Prob. 47PCh. 24 - Prob. 48PCh. 24 - Prob. 49PCh. 24 - Prob. 50PCh. 24 - Prob. 51PCh. 24 - UDP-galactose-4-epimerase converts UDP-galactose...Ch. 24 - A student is trying to determine the mechanism for...Ch. 24 - What would be the results of the experiment in...
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- 4. Liver alcohol dehydrogenase (LADH) catalyzes a reversible, pH-dependent oxidation of an alcohol to an aldehyde according to the following reaction: LADH RCH2OH + NAD* RCHO + NADH + H* where NAD* and NADH are, respectively, the oxidized and reduced forms of the cofactor nicotin-amide adenine dinucleotide. While the reaction is actually a two-substrate reaction, it proceeds like a one- substrate reaction through a so-called compulsory-ordered ternary complex mechanism. It has been shown through kinetic studies that, in the case of primary alcohols, the enzyme binds first the cofactor forming a binary enzyme-NAD* complex that then binds the second substrate, the alcohol, to form a ternary enzyme-NAD*-substrate complex in which the oxidation of the alcohol proceeds with reduction of the cofactor. While the enzyme catalyzes oxidation of various steroids as well as ingested ethanol, it also catalyzes the oxidation of methanol CH3OH, forming the extremely toxic product formaldehyde HCHO.…arrow_forwardDraw the products that form when the thioester CH3CH2CH2COSCoA is hydrolyzed with water. Differentiate products by greater or lesser molecular weight.arrow_forwardKinetic versus thermodynamic. The reaction of NADH with oxygen to produce NAD+NAD* and H2OH2O is very exergonic, yet the reaction of NADH and oxygen takes place very slowly. Why does a thermodynamically favorable reaction not occur rapidly?arrow_forward
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