Anatomy & Physiology
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168130
Author: Kelly A. Young, James A. Wise, Peter DeSaix, Dean H. Kruse, Brandon Poe, Eddie Johnson, Jody E. Johnson, Oksana Korol, J. Gordon Betts, Mark Womble
Publisher: OpenStax College
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Textbook Question
Chapter 25, Problem 32CTQ
Both diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus produce large urine volumes, but how would other characteristics of the urine differ between the two diseases?
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Chapter 25 Solutions
Anatomy & Physiology
Ch. 25 - Diabetes insipidus or diabetes mellitus would most...Ch. 25 - The color of urine is determined mainly by...Ch. 25 - Production of less than 50 mL/day of urine is...Ch. 25 - Peristaltic contractions occur in the ________....Ch. 25 - Somatic motor neurons must be ________ to relax...Ch. 25 - Which pan of the urinaiy system is not completely...Ch. 25 - The renal pyramids are separated from each other...Ch. 25 - The primary structure found within the medulla is...Ch. 25 - The right kidney is slightly lower because...Ch. 25 - Blood filtrate is captured in the lumen of the...
Ch. 25 - What are the names of the capillaries following...Ch. 25 - The functional unit of the kidney is called...Ch. 25 - ________ pressure must be greater on the capillary...Ch. 25 - Production of urine to modify plasma makeup is the...Ch. 25 - Systemic blood pressure must stay above 60 so that...Ch. 25 - Aquaporin channels are only found in the...Ch. 25 - Most absorption and secretion occurs in this part...Ch. 25 - The fine tuning of water recovery or disposal...Ch. 25 - Vasodilation of blood vessels to the kidneys is...Ch. 25 - When blood pressure increases, blood vessels...Ch. 25 - Which of these three paracrine chemicals cause...Ch. 25 - What hormone directly opposes the actions of...Ch. 25 - Which of these is a vasoconstrictor? nitric oxide...Ch. 25 - What signal causes the heart to secrete atrial...Ch. 25 - Which of these beverages does not have a diuretic...Ch. 25 - Progesterone can bind to receptors for which...Ch. 25 - Renin is released in response to ________....Ch. 25 - Which step in vitamin D production does the kidney...Ch. 25 - Which hormone does the kidney produce that...Ch. 25 - If there were no aquaporin channels in the...Ch. 25 - What is suggested by the presence of white blood...Ch. 25 - Both diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus...Ch. 25 - Why are females more likely to contract bladder...Ch. 25 - Describe how forceful urination is accomplished.Ch. 25 - What anatomical structures provide protection to...Ch. 25 - How does the renal poital system differ from the...Ch. 25 - Name the structures found in the renal hilum.Ch. 25 - Which structures make up the renal corpuscle?Ch. 25 - What are the major structures comprising the...Ch. 25 - Give the formula for net filtration pressure.Ch. 25 - Name at least five symptoms of kidney failure.Ch. 25 - Which vessels and what pail of the nephron are...Ch. 25 - Give the approximate osmolarity of fluid in the...Ch. 25 - Explain what happens to Na+ concentration in the...Ch. 25 - If you want the kidney to excrete more Na+ in the...Ch. 25 - What organs produce which hormones or enzymes in...Ch. 25 - PTH affects absorption and reabsorption of what?Ch. 25 - Why is ADH also called vasopressin?Ch. 25 - How can glucose be a diuretic?Ch. 25 - How does lack of protein in the blood cause edema?Ch. 25 - Which three electrolytes are most closely...
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- Explain how his headinjury resulted in these effects on urinaryfunction and thirst. Why would a sphenoidfracture be more likely than an occipitalbone fracture to cause diabetes insipidus?What hormone imbalance resulted from thisaccident? Would you expect to find elevatedglucose in the urine of this diabetic patient?Why or why not?arrow_forwardIndividuals with a rare condition called diabetes insipidus do not produce vasopressin. How would urine output of an individual with diabetes insipidus compare with that of a healthy individual?arrow_forwardIn diabetes mellitus, explain the chain of events that leadto (a) osmotic diuresis, (b) ketoacidosis and coma, and(c) gangrene of the lower limbsarrow_forward
- Mention at least 5 proteins, besides albumin, that are present in the urine under pathological conditions. Explain why a glucose test that is normally reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule may appear in the urine, and state the renal threshold levels for glucose.arrow_forwardIn patients with diabetes mellitus, not enough insulin is produced; as a consequence, blood glucose levels increase. If blood glucose levels rise high enough, the kidneys are unable to absorb the glucose from the glomerular filtrate, and glucose "spills over" into the urine. What effect does this glucose have on urine concentration and volume? How does the body adjust to the excess glucose in the urine?arrow_forwardIs the following table correct? Please explain further what will happen to urine concentration and volume when a person is exercising or has diabetes mellitus.arrow_forward
- What factors may explain the difference in serum and urine creatinine levels?arrow_forwardExplain anti-diuretic hormone.arrow_forwardIn no more than one line, explain why when investigating the primary hypocalciuric hypercalcemia we measure the ratio of (Urine calcium/urine creatinin) not just urine calcium.arrow_forward
- true or false Aldosterone is required to restore water from loop of Henle, and reabsorption of Na+ from this segment is increased by ADH, allowing equilibration of water with the hyperosmotic interstitiumarrow_forwardRenal calculi contain crystallized calcium, magnesium, and uric acid. Explain why patients with hyperparathyroidism would be at risk for developing renal calculi.arrow_forwardWhat condition would a patient have if they excreted greater than 150 mg of protein per day? What diagnostic information can be obtained by an elevated urine microalbumin? Proteinuria can be classified as ___ or ___.arrow_forward
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