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- A community plans to build a facility to convert solar radiation to electrical power. The community requires 1.00 MW of power, and the system to be installed has an efficiency of 30.0% (that is, 30.0% of the solar energy incident on the surface is converted to useful energy that can power the community). Assuming sunlight has a constant intensity of 1 000 W/m2, what must be the effective area of a perfectly absorbing surface used in such an installation?arrow_forwardConstruct Your Own Problem Consider a space sail such as mentioned in Example 29.5 Construct a problem in which you calculate the light pressure on the sail in N/m2 produced by reflecting sunlight. Also calculate the force that could be produced and how much effect that would have on a spacecraft. Among the things to be considered are the intensity of sunlight, its average wavelength, the number of photons per square meter this implies, the area of the space sail, and the mass of the system being accelerated.arrow_forwardA particle of cosmic dust has a density =2.0g/cm3 , (a) Assuming the dust particles are spherical and light absorbing, and are at the same distance as Earth from the Sun, determine the particle size for which radiation pressure from sunlight is equal to the Sun's force of gravity on the dust particle, (b) Explain how the forces compare if the particle radius is smaller, (c) Explain what this implies about the sizes of dust particle likely to be present in the inner solar system compared with outside the Oort cloud.arrow_forward
- A spherical interplanetary grain of dust of radius 0.2 m is at a distance r1 from the Sun. The gravitational force exerted by the Sun on the grain just balances the force due to radiation pressure from the Sun's light. (i) Assume the grain is moved to a distance 2r1 from the Sun and released. At this location, what is the net force exerted on the grain? (a) toward the Sun (b) away from the Sun (c) zero (d) impossible to determine without knowing the mass of the grain (ii) Now assume the grain is moved back to its original location at r1, compressed so that it crystallizes into a sphere with significantly higher density, and then released. In this situation, what is the net force exerted on the grain? Choose from the same possibilities as in part (i).arrow_forwardA circular radar antenna on a Coast Guard ship has a diameter of 2.10 m and radiates at a frequency of 15.0 GHz. Two small boats are located 9.00 km away from the ship. How close together could the boats he and still he detected as two objects?arrow_forwardLunar astronauts placed a reflector on the Moon’s surface, off which a laser beam is periodically reflected. The distance to the Moon is calculated from the round-trip time. (a) To what accuracy in meters can the distance to the Moon be determined, If this time can be measured to 0.100 ns? (b) What percent accuracy is this, given the average distance to the Moon is 384,480 kin?arrow_forward
- The filament in a clear incandescent light bulb radiates visible light at a power of 5.00 W. Model the glass part of the bulb as a sphere of radius r0=3.00cm and calculate the amount of electromagnetic energy from visible light inside the bulb.arrow_forwardIntegrated Concepts If electric and magnetic field strengths vary sinusoidally in time, being zero at t = 0, then E = E0 sin 2ft and B = B0 sin 2 ft. Let f = 1.00 GHz here. (a) When are the field strengths first zero? (b) When do they reach their most negative value? (c) How much time is needed for them to complete one cycle?arrow_forwardConsider a 250-W heat lamp fixed to the ceiling in a bathroom. If the filament in one light burns out then the remaining three still work. Construct a problem in which you determine the resistance of each filament in order to obtain a certain intensity projected on the bathroom floor. The ceiling is 3.0 m high. The problem will need to involve concave miners behind the filaments. Your instructor may wish to guide you on the level of complexity to consider in the electrical components.arrow_forward
- If you wish to detect details of the size of atoms (about 11010m ) with electromagnetic radiation, it must have a wavelength of about this size. (a) What is its frequency? (b) What type of electromagnetic radiation might this be?arrow_forwardIntegrated Concepts (a) Calculate the ratio of the highest to lowest frequencies of electromagnetic waves the eye can see, given the wavelength range of visible light is from 380 to 760 nm. (b) Compare this with the ratio of highest to lowest frequencies the ear can hear.arrow_forward
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