The bacterium, which is sensitive to the antibiotic vancomycin. Given: The table given below gives details of characteristics of four bacteria. Name of bacteria Clostridium novyi Thermus aquaticus Paracoccus denitrificans Trichodesmium thiebautii Characteristics Metabolism Obligate anaerobic Obligate aerobic Facultative anaerobic Facultative anaerobic Gram status + − − − Optimal temperature (°C) 10–40 50–80 5–30 10–30 Typical habitat Terrestrial Aquatic Aquatic Aquatic Miscellaneous Chemotroph Denitrifier Nitrogen fixer °C-Degree Celsius, (+)-positive, (-)-negative Introduction: Peptidoglycan makes up a major portion of the cell wall of the Gram negative as well as the Gram-positive bacteria. The Gram-positive bacteria’s cell wall is found to be thicker in comparison to the Gram-negative bacteria and they also have much more peptidoglycan than that of the Gram-negative bacteria’s cell wall.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 25, Problem 4Q

Summary Introduction

To review:

The bacterium, which is sensitive to the antibiotic vancomycin.
Given:

The table given below gives details of characteristics of four bacteria.

Name of bacteria Clostridium novyi Thermus aquaticus Paracoccus denitrificans Trichodesmium thiebautii

Characteristics

Metabolism Obligate anaerobic Obligate aerobic Facultative anaerobic Facultative anaerobic

Gram status + − − −

Optimal temperature (°C) 10–40 50–80 5–30 10–30

Typical habitat Terrestrial Aquatic Aquatic Aquatic

Miscellaneous Chemotroph Denitrifier Nitrogen fixer

°C-Degree Celsius, (+)-positive, (-)-negative

Introduction:

Peptidoglycan makes up a major portion of the cell wall of the Gram negative as well as the Gram-positive bacteria. The Gram-positive bacteria’s cell wall is found to be thicker in comparison to the Gram-negative bacteria and they also have much more peptidoglycan than that of the Gram-negative bacteria’s cell wall.

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Students have asked these similar questions

Penicillin does not directly kill bacteria. Why do cells usually die in the presence of penicillin? And, therefore, what cells from a given species would penicillin then target and what cells would penicillin not be able to target from that specific species? Think peptidoglycan, what would be more targeted then, gram + or gram – and why?

Most medically useful antibiotics interfere with either peptidoglycan synthesis or ribosome function. Why would the cell membrane be a poor target for antimicrobial medication?

In general, why might cell-wall inhibiting antimicrobial drugs be less effective on gram-negative bacteria compared to gram-positive bacteria? The gram-negative bacteria digest these drugs at a much higher rate than gram-positive bacteria. The mutation rate of gram-negative bacteria is much greater than that of gram-positive bacteria. The outer membrane of the gram-negative bacteria inhibits penetration of the drug. The peptidoglycan found in gram-positive bacteria is structurally different from that in gram-negative bacteria. The gram-negative bacteria do not synthesize peptidoglycan.

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 25, Problem 4Q

Summary Introduction

To review:

The bacterium, which is sensitive to the antibiotic vancomycin.
Given:

The table given below gives details of characteristics of four bacteria.

Name of bacteria Clostridium novyi Thermus aquaticus Paracoccus denitrificans Trichodesmium thiebautii

Characteristics

Metabolism Obligate anaerobic Obligate aerobic Facultative anaerobic Facultative anaerobic

Gram status + − − −

Optimal temperature (°C) 10–40 50–80 5–30 10–30

Typical habitat Terrestrial Aquatic Aquatic Aquatic

Miscellaneous Chemotroph Denitrifier Nitrogen fixer

°C-Degree Celsius, (+)-positive, (-)-negative

Introduction:

Peptidoglycan makes up a major portion of the cell wall of the Gram negative as well as the Gram-positive bacteria. The Gram-positive bacteria’s cell wall is found to be thicker in comparison to the Gram-negative bacteria and they also have much more peptidoglycan than that of the Gram-negative bacteria’s cell wall.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 25, Problem 4Q

Summary Introduction

To review:

The bacterium, which is sensitive to the antibiotic vancomycin.
Given:

The table given below gives details of characteristics of four bacteria.

Name of bacteria Clostridium novyi Thermus aquaticus Paracoccus denitrificans Trichodesmium thiebautii

Characteristics

Metabolism Obligate anaerobic Obligate aerobic Facultative anaerobic Facultative anaerobic

Gram status + − − −

Optimal temperature (°C) 10–40 50–80 5–30 10–30

Typical habitat Terrestrial Aquatic Aquatic Aquatic

Miscellaneous Chemotroph Denitrifier Nitrogen fixer

°C-Degree Celsius, (+)-positive, (-)-negative

Introduction:

Peptidoglycan makes up a major portion of the cell wall of the Gram negative as well as the Gram-positive bacteria. The Gram-positive bacteria’s cell wall is found to be thicker in comparison to the Gram-negative bacteria and they also have much more peptidoglycan than that of the Gram-negative bacteria’s cell wall.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 25, Problem 4Q

Summary Introduction

To review:

The bacterium, which is sensitive to the antibiotic vancomycin.
Given:

The table given below gives details of characteristics of four bacteria.

Name of bacteria Clostridium novyi Thermus aquaticus Paracoccus denitrificans Trichodesmium thiebautii

Characteristics

Metabolism Obligate anaerobic Obligate aerobic Facultative anaerobic Facultative anaerobic

Gram status + − − −

Optimal temperature (°C) 10–40 50–80 5–30 10–30

Typical habitat Terrestrial Aquatic Aquatic Aquatic

Miscellaneous Chemotroph Denitrifier Nitrogen fixer

°C-Degree Celsius, (+)-positive, (-)-negative

Introduction:

Peptidoglycan makes up a major portion of the cell wall of the Gram negative as well as the Gram-positive bacteria. The Gram-positive bacteria’s cell wall is found to be thicker in comparison to the Gram-negative bacteria and they also have much more peptidoglycan than that of the Gram-negative bacteria’s cell wall.

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Answer 5

Chapter 25, Problem 4Q

Summary Introduction

To review:

The bacterium, which is sensitive to the antibiotic vancomycin.
Given:

The table given below gives details of characteristics of four bacteria.

Name of bacteria Clostridium novyi Thermus aquaticus Paracoccus denitrificans Trichodesmium thiebautii

Characteristics

Metabolism Obligate anaerobic Obligate aerobic Facultative anaerobic Facultative anaerobic

Gram status + − − −

Optimal temperature (°C) 10–40 50–80 5–30 10–30

Typical habitat Terrestrial Aquatic Aquatic Aquatic

Miscellaneous Chemotroph Denitrifier Nitrogen fixer

°C-Degree Celsius, (+)-positive, (-)-negative

Introduction:

Peptidoglycan makes up a major portion of the cell wall of the Gram negative as well as the Gram-positive bacteria. The Gram-positive bacteria’s cell wall is found to be thicker in comparison to the Gram-negative bacteria and they also have much more peptidoglycan than that of the Gram-negative bacteria’s cell wall.

Answer 6

Chapter 25, Problem 4Q

Summary Introduction

To review:

The bacterium, which is sensitive to the antibiotic vancomycin.
Given:

The table given below gives details of characteristics of four bacteria.

Name of bacteria Clostridium novyi Thermus aquaticus Paracoccus denitrificans Trichodesmium thiebautii

Characteristics

Metabolism Obligate anaerobic Obligate aerobic Facultative anaerobic Facultative anaerobic

Gram status + − − −

Optimal temperature (°C) 10–40 50–80 5–30 10–30

Typical habitat Terrestrial Aquatic Aquatic Aquatic

Miscellaneous Chemotroph Denitrifier Nitrogen fixer

°C-Degree Celsius, (+)-positive, (-)-negative

Introduction:

Peptidoglycan makes up a major portion of the cell wall of the Gram negative as well as the Gram-positive bacteria. The Gram-positive bacteria’s cell wall is found to be thicker in comparison to the Gram-negative bacteria and they also have much more peptidoglycan than that of the Gram-negative bacteria’s cell wall.

Answer 7

Chapter 25, Problem 4Q

Summary Introduction

To review:

The bacterium, which is sensitive to the antibiotic vancomycin.
Given:

The table given below gives details of characteristics of four bacteria.

Name of bacteria Clostridium novyi Thermus aquaticus Paracoccus denitrificans Trichodesmium thiebautii

Characteristics

Metabolism Obligate anaerobic Obligate aerobic Facultative anaerobic Facultative anaerobic

Gram status + − − −

Optimal temperature (°C) 10–40 50–80 5–30 10–30

Typical habitat Terrestrial Aquatic Aquatic Aquatic

Miscellaneous Chemotroph Denitrifier Nitrogen fixer

°C-Degree Celsius, (+)-positive, (-)-negative

Introduction:

Peptidoglycan makes up a major portion of the cell wall of the Gram negative as well as the Gram-positive bacteria. The Gram-positive bacteria’s cell wall is found to be thicker in comparison to the Gram-negative bacteria and they also have much more peptidoglycan than that of the Gram-negative bacteria’s cell wall.

Answer 8

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Answer 10

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Answer 11

Ch. 25.1 - Prob. 1R Ch. 25.1 - Prob. 2R Ch. 25.1 - Prob. 3R Ch. 25.2 - Prob. 1R Ch. 25.2 - Prob. 2R Ch. 25.3 - Prob. 1R Ch. 25.3 - Prob. 2R Ch. 25.3 - Prob. 3R Ch. 25.4 - Prob. 1R Ch. 25.4 - Prob. 2R

Solution Summary: The author explains that Clostridium novyi is sensitive to the antibiotic vancomycin as it inhibits the formation of peptidoglycan.

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Chapter 25 Solutions

Name of bacteria	*Clostridium novyi*	*Thermus aquaticus*	*Paracoccus denitrificans*	*Trichodesmium thiebautii*
Characteristics	*Clostridium novyi*	*Thermus aquaticus*	*Paracoccus denitrificans*	*Trichodesmium thiebautii*
Metabolism	Obligate anaerobic	Obligate aerobic	Facultative anaerobic	Facultative anaerobic
Gram status	+	−	−	−
Optimal temperature (°C)	10–40	50–80	5–30	10–30
Typical habitat	Terrestrial	Aquatic	Aquatic	Aquatic
Miscellaneous		Chemotroph	Denitrifier	Nitrogen fixer