Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 25, Problem 7TYK
In a population of self-replicating RNA molecules, natural selection would favor those molecules that:
a. have longer
b. have shorter nucleotide sequences.
c. replicate more rapidly.
d. replicate with a higher mutation frequency.
e. are transported across lipid membranes.
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Students have asked these similar questions
Which of the following does not apply to mutations?a. They occur to cause adaptive changes in response to the environment.b. They are usually either harmful or neutral.c. They are only inherited if they occur in a sperm or egg cell.d. They often occur when DNA is copied.
Answer the question below based on your own understanding;
Why do you think all organisms use nucleic acids for encoding genetic
information? Why not use proteins or carbohydrates? What advantages might DNA have as the source of genetic information?
Which result from the Miller and Urey experiment provides evidence that the molecules of life could have spontaneously been produced in the ancient Earth environment?
a
After their experiment, they produced DNA from amino acids.
b
They showed how DNA can be produced from simple molecules that included water, oxygen, carbohydrates, and lipids.
c
Their experiment produced amino acids—the building blocks of life—from chemicals that existed in the environment of ancient Earth.
d
Miller and Urey's experiment provided evidence that showed that although oxygen was lacking in the environment of ancient Earth, it could be readily made from the decomposition of rocks and minerals.
Chapter 25 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 25.1 - Why is the reducing nature of early Earths...Ch. 25.1 - Prob. 2SBCh. 25.2 - Prob. 1SBCh. 25.2 - Prob. 2SBCh. 25.2 - Prob. 3SBCh. 25.3 - Prob. 1SBCh. 25 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 25 - Which of the following is not a characteristic of...Ch. 25 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 25 - According to the OparinHaldane hypothesis, the...
Ch. 25 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 25 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 25 - In a population of self-replicating RNA molecules,...Ch. 25 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 25 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 25 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 25 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 25 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 25 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 25 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 25 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 25 - Prob. 16TYKCh. 25 - Prob. 1ITDCh. 25 - Prob. 2ITDCh. 25 - Prob. 3ITD
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- The diagram to the right shows how tiles can be put together in different ways. How does this example relate to the role of DNA as the universal genetic material in organisms?arrow_forwardMutation is the only evolutionary mechanism that… a.is more important in eukaryotes than in prokaryotes b.introduces new alleles into the population c.has no effect on genetic evolution d.occurs frequently in all populationsarrow_forwardExplain why the answer is correct. For eukaryote cells to evolve into new types of eukaryotic organisms, which of the following would one expect to occur? The correct answer is E a) these cells have evolved because they have different DNA because of mutations b) Their endoplasmic reticulum is synthesizing new and/or different proteins. c) These specialized cells activate new genes to synthesize new proteins. d) these organisms have new characteristics because they have acquired new genes. e) all of these are truearrow_forward
- Are gene mutations caused by selective pressures in the environment? In other words, do gene mutations arise in an organism out of need or want? Group of answer choices A. No, because gene mutations are not purely random. B. Yes, because gene mutations are not purely random. C. No, because gene mutations are purely random. D. Yes, because gene mutations are purely random.arrow_forwardIf all living organisms have the same pattern, then humans would have the same genetic code as a worm because all species have the same repeated pattern, DNA could not provide the variety needed for the genetic code. Was the hypothesis supported? Be sure to explain your reasoning! (Sentence starters: “Yes, my hypothesis was supported. I know this because…” or “No, my hypothesis was not correct. It was proven to be false because…”)arrow_forwardMolecular clocks are based on comparisons of the number of______ mutations between species. a. lethal c. conservative b. neutral d. nonconservativearrow_forward
- Of the following, which is the least plausible hypothesis for why natural selection has not eliminated genes for male homosexuality? a. Perhaps the relatives of a homosexual male have more than an average number of children. b. Homosexual people might spread their genes by helping their brothers and sisters rear their children. c. Maybe there is no gene for homosexuality. Instead, an environmental event produces an epigenetic effect that can be transmitted from one generation to the next. d. Some homosexual men have children.arrow_forwardOne of the key ingredients of evolution by natural selection is variation. Within a population, evolution by natural selection will occur if there is a selective advantage of one variation over another. What are the sources of variation in living populations? Select all that apply. a random mutations to DNA when DNA replicates in reproductive cells b environmental factors that may mutate DNA in gametes c mutations in somatic cells d crossing over during meiosisarrow_forwardWhich of the following must be true for natural selection to occur in an “RNA world”? a. RNA molecules must turn into DNA molecules. b. RNA molecules must undergo mutations. c. RNA molecules must replicate. d Both b and c are correct.arrow_forward
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes most cases of tuberculosis. Recently, strains of this bacterium that are resistant to all known antibiotic drugs have become increasingly common. Explain how this change occurred; use the terms mutation, DNA, and natural selection in your answerarrow_forwardWhy was Jean Baptiste Lamarck wrong about the mechanism of evolution? A. Because giraffes haven't evolved in billions of years. B. Because individuals do not pass on any traits that they acquire during their lifetime. C. Because individuals can change their traits during their lifetime and pass on those traits to their offpsring. D. Because he misunderstood the structure of DNA.arrow_forwardThe fact that DNA sequences are more similar in more closely related organisms is evidence of what? a. optimal design in organisms b. adaptation c. mutation d. descent with modificationarrow_forward
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