Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
14th Edition
ISBN: 9781305073951
Author: Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 26, Problem 1DAA
Neanderthal Hair Color The MC1R gene regulates pigmentation in humans (Sections 14.1 and 15.1 revisited), so loss-of-function mutations in this gene affect hair and skin color. A person with two mutated alleles for this gene makes more of the reddish melanin than the brownish melanin, resulting in red hair and pale skin. DNA extracted from two Neanderthal fossils contains a mutated MC1R allele that has not yet been found in humans. To see how the Neanderthal mutation affects the function of the MC1R gene. Carles Lalueza-Fox and her team introduced the allele into cultured monkey cells (FIGURE 26.16).
FIGURE 26.16 MC1R activity in monkey cells transgenic for an unmutated MC1R gene, the Neanderthal MC1R allele, or the gene for green fluorescent protein (GFP). GFP is not related to MC1R.
1. How did MCR1 activity in monkey cells with the mutant allele differ from that in cells with the normal allele?
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The hair keratin gene KRTHAP1 was lost in the human lineage. Keratins are a major component of hairs. Humans still have nine functional type I hair keratin genes but the loss of that particular gene may have caused the thinning of human body hair. The gene loss occurred relatively recently in human evolution—less than 240,000 years ago. What does this tell you about the possible phenotypic appearance of the humanoids living at that time?
a.
Denisovans likely had excessive body hair.
b.
The immediate precursors to anatomically modern humans must have been extremely hirsuit.
c.
We would expect to see a significant diminution in body hair in the hominids living around 240KYA consistent with the loss of this gene.
d.
Neanderthals probably had thick wooly manes of body hair.
e.
Homo ergaster probably had no body hair
Our DNA is subject to mutations on a daily basis. Why do most mutations that occur in the genome of organisms escape detection and not elicit a deleterious effect? Why does the child of someone with cancer not necessarily develop cancer? Is it reasonable to state that mutations are essential to the evolutionary process?
Genetics Question:
In humans, an allele for black hair in one gene can mask the expression of color on a secondgene. In one family with 10 children, 7 have black hair like their parents, 2 with red hair, and onewith blond hair. The blond child soon came of age and married a man with red hair. All their children have red hair.
a. What specific mode of inheritance is exhibited?
b. Using the letters A and B, assign alleles to the traits
c. Based on the 9:3:3:1 ratio, what are the genotypes of the following:
7 children with black hair ________________ 2 children with red hair ___________________ 1 child with blond hair ____________________
d. Give the COMPLETE genotypes of the following: Parents of the children ____________________ Man with red hair _________________________ All children (of the man) with red hair ________________
Chapter 26 Solutions
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 26 - New World monkeys _____. a. lack a tail b. are...Ch. 26 - The closest relatives of bonobos are ________. a....Ch. 26 - Prob. 3SQCh. 26 - Neanderthal Hair Color The MC1R gene regulates...Ch. 26 - Neanderthal Hair Color The MCIR gene regulates...Ch. 26 - Neanderthal Hair Color The MCIR gene regulates...Ch. 26 - Like most mammals, a(n) __________ has a wet nose....Ch. 26 - The 3.6-million-year-old footprints left by...Ch. 26 - The position where a spinal cord enters the skull...Ch. 26 - Australopiths are__________ a. extinct b....
Ch. 26 - The oldest Homo fossils found outside of Africa...Ch. 26 - A prominent chin is typical of _______. a. Homo...Ch. 26 - Compared to modern humans, Neanderthals had a...Ch. 26 - The oldest Homo sapiens fossils were found in...Ch. 26 - __________ probably had a spoken language. a....Ch. 26 - Modem people native to __________ have a higher...Ch. 26 - Match each group with its description. ___...Ch. 26 - Place the events in order. ___ 1 (earliest) a....Ch. 26 - Male aggression is rare in bonobo society and...Ch. 26 - Think about the pattern of human dispersal. Given...
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