Concept explainers
Interpretation:
A single base change ‘Glu’ amino acid to valine has to be predicted.
Concept Introduction:
RNA synthesis: The process of RNA synthesis is Transcription. A small section of DNA unwinds, only one of the two strands act as template and the other strand as informational strand. The complementary bases are attached one by one by the action of RNA polymerase at template strand on moving down. The newly generated RNA is the exact copy of the informational strand, with the exception that a U replaces each T in the template DNA. The RNA synthesised carries genetic information and directs protein synthesis.
Codon: A sequence of three ribonucleotides in the mRNA chain that codes for a specific amino acid; also a three-
Genetic code: The sequence of nucleotides, coded in triplets (codons) in mRNA that determines the sequence of amino acids in protein synthesis.
Illustrated relationships are:
DNA informational strand: 5’ ATG CCA GTA GGC CAC TTG TCA 3’
DNA Template strand: 3’ TAC GGT CAT CCG GTG AAC AGT 5’
mRNA: 5’ AUG CCA GUA GGC CAC UUG UCA 3’
protein: Met Pro Val Gly His Leu Ser
Notice: 5’ end of the mRNA strand codes for the N-terminal amino acid, whereas the 3’ end of the mRNA strand codes for the C-terminal amino acid. Proteins are always written N-terminal to C-terminal, reading left to right.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 26 Solutions
Fundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry (Principles of Chemistry - CHEM 1121)
- Suppose the codon sequence GCCAUUCAAGCGGAU has a single base pair mutation to GCCAUUCAAACgGAU. If the old protein sequence was Ala-Ile-Gln-Ala-Asp, what will be the new sequence encoded by the mutant gene? _________(Use the 3-letter amino acid abbreviations with hyphens and no spaces in between, i.e. Ser-Asn-Tyr-Learrow_forwardin the human gene for the beta chain of hemoglobin, the first 30 nucleotides in the amino acid coding region is represented by the sequence 3'TACCACGTGGACTGAGGACTCCTCTTCAGA-5'. What is the sequence of the partner strand? If the DNA duplex for the beta chain of hemoglobin above were transcribed from left to right, deduce the base sequence of the RNA in this coding region.arrow_forwardThe wobble rules for tRNA-mRNA pairing are shown. If we assume that the tRNAs do not containmodified bases, what is the minimum number of tRNAs needed to recognize the codons for the following types of amino acids? A. Leucine B. Methionine C. Serinearrow_forward
- If the gene undergoing protein synthesis consists of 24 bases, how many codons does that result in? How many amino acids will the protein consist of?arrow_forwardSuppose the codon sequence AUGACCCGGCUACUG has a single base pair mutation to AUGACCCGGUUACUG. If the old protein sequence was Met-Thr-Arg-Leu-Leu, what will be the new sequence encoded by the mutant gene?arrow_forwardWhat is the peptide encoded by this mRNA sequence 5’-UCG-GCA- AAU-UUA -GUU-3’?arrow_forward
- List all possible codons present in a ribonucleotide polymer containing U and G in random sequence. Which amino acids are encoded by this RNA?arrow_forwardTwo missense mutations in the gene that encodes an enzyme called superoxide dismutase cause a form of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS, or Lou Gehrig disease). This disease causes loss of neurological function over a 5-year period. One mutation alters the amino acid asparagine (Asn) to lysine (Lys). The other changes an isoleucine (Ile) to a threonine (Thr). List the codons involved and describe how single-base mutations can alter the specified amino acids.arrow_forwardWhich amino acid is carried by the tRNA with the anticodon 5'-UCA-3'?arrow_forward
- If the mRNA transcribed for this gene will be translated into a functional protein, how many amino acids will be used to build the polypeptide chain? what is the amino acid coded by the 25th codon? what is the amino acid coded by the last codon?arrow_forwardWhat RNA base sequence is complimentary to the following DNA base sequence 5'-CATGATTAT-3'? Using the table of codons, give the primary structure of the protein coded for by the RNA sequence: 5’-CCA CGA GGG GAG ACU UAA-3’?arrow_forwardThe codon chart below shows that adenine-uracil-guanine (AUG) codes for the amino acid methionine, and cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG) codes for glutamine in humans. What do those two codons code for in carrots? A. valine and aspartic acid B. isoleucine and histidine C. methionine and glutamine D. serine and glutamic acidarrow_forward
- Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...BiologyISBN:9781305251052Author:Michael CummingsPublisher:Cengage Learning