Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The hybridization of carbon atom, total C-C σ bonds and π bonds with 1â—¦,2â—¦,3â—¦ and 4â—¦ carbon atoms should be determined.
Concept introduction:
Hybridization is the process of mixing of atomic orbitals to form same energy and same shape hybrid orbitals which form covalent bond with overlapping of atomic orbitals of other atoms. The number of
1â—¦ orPrimary C atom = C atom which is bonded with one another C atom
2â—¦ orSecondary C atom= C atom which is bonded with two other C atoms
3â—¦ orTertiary C atom= C atom which is bonded with three other C atoms
4â—¦ or Quaternary C atom= C atom which is bonded with four other C atoms
(b)
Interpretation:
The hybridization of carbon atom, total C-C σ bonds and π bonds with 1â—¦, 2â—¦,3â—¦ and 4â—¦ carbon atoms should be determined.
Concept introduction:
Hybridization is the process of mixing of atomic orbitals to form same energy and same shape hybrid orbitals which form covalent bond with overlapping of atomic orbitals of other atoms. The number of chemical bonds formed by the atom always determine type of hybridization. Sigma bonds could only form by hybrid orbitals whereas pi bonds are always formed by overlapping of un-hybrid orbitals hence hybridization is not part of pi bond formation.
1â—¦ or Primary C atom = C atom which is bonded with one another C atom
2â—¦ or Secondary C atom= C atom which is bonded with two other C atoms
3â—¦ or Tertiary C atom= C atom which is bonded with three other C atoms
4â—¦ or Quaternary C atom= C atom which is bonded with four other C atoms
(c)
Interpretation:
The hybridization of carbon atom, total C-C σ bonds and π bonds with 1â—¦, 2â—¦,3â—¦ and 4â—¦ carbon atoms should be determined.
Concept introduction:
Hybridization is the process of mixing of atomic orbitals to form same energy and same shape hybrid orbitals which form covalent bond with overlapping of atomic orbitals of other atoms. The number of chemical bonds formed by the atom always determine type of hybridization. Sigma bonds could only form by hybrid orbitals whereas pi bonds are always formed by overlapping of un-hybrid orbitals hence hybridization is not part of pi bond formation.
1â—¦ or Primary C atom = C atom which is bonded with one another C atom
2â—¦ or Secondary C atom= C atom which is bonded with two other C atoms
3â—¦ or Tertiary C atom= C atom which is bonded with three other C atoms
4â—¦ or Quaternary C atom= C atom which is bonded with four other C atoms
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General Chemistry: Principles and Modern Applications, Loose Leaf Version (11th Edition)
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- Which of the following statements about an sp hybridized carbon is FALSE? a. It is divalent.b. It forms bonds that are linear.c. It has two p orbitals.d. It always forms triple bonds to carbon.arrow_forwardIs there much flexibility in the structure of benzene or can you assign a definite shape to the entire molecule? Compare the shape to that of cyclohexane.arrow_forwardWhich compound contains an sp2-hybridized carbon atom?arrow_forward
- Many reactions involve a change in hybridization of one or more atoms in the starting material. In following reaction, identify the atoms in the organic starting material that change hybridization and indicate the change.arrow_forwarda) what two types of bonds are present in alkanes? b) which of the two types of bonds is likely responsible for the absorption in the diagnostic region? c) what is the hybridization of the carbon atoms in all alkanes?arrow_forwardWhat is the absolute configuration of the C2 and C3 carbons in the following molecule?arrow_forward
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