Inquiry into Life
16th Edition
ISBN: 9781260482638
Author: Mader, Sylvia
Publisher: MCGRAW-HILL HIGHER EDUCATION
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Chapter 26.1, Problem 1AQTC
Summary Introduction
To analyze:
The consequence of unintentional breaks in DNA sequences other than the target sequence due to CRISPR.
Introduction:
CRISPR or Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats are DNA sequences present in prokaryotes. They along with the enzyme Cas9 are part of the defense system of prokaryotes. Now, the CRISPR-Cas9 system is used as a gene-editing tool. It can break DNA strands at the desired location where the gene sequence can be modified according to our requirement.
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A scientist wants to make a random mutation in a specific gene to investigate that
gene's function. Which of the following methods is she likely to have used to make
this change?
mutagenesis with radiation
random mutagenesis
CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing followed by nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ)
CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing followed by homologous recombination (HR) with a donor
template
oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis
Gene expression can be disrupted by techniques such as homologous recombination and RNA interference. What is the functional difference between these two methods in terms of the ultimate effect on gene expression? Why might homologous recombination or an alternative genome-editing method (e.g., CRISPR/Cas9) be preferred over RNA interference?
What are the major components of the CRISPR-Cas9 system? What mechanism does it employ to combine DNA? Explain the process of how the CRISP-Cas9 system is able to create recombinant DNA. Relate the idea of gene modification to the fields of vaccines and applied microbiology as well.
Chapter 26 Solutions
Inquiry into Life
Ch. 26.1 - Describe the steps in forming Recombinant DNA.Ch. 26.1 - Discuss how the polymerase chain reaction works.Ch. 26.1 - Prob. 3LOCh. 26.1 - Prob. 1QTCCh. 26.1 - Prob. 2QTCCh. 26.1 - Prob. 1CYPCh. 26.1 - Explain how the PCR reaction amplifies a segment...Ch. 26.1 - Prob. 3CYPCh. 26.1 - Prob. 1AQTCCh. 26.1 - Prob. 2AQTC
Ch. 26.2 - Prob. 1LOCh. 26.2 - Prob. 2LOCh. 26.2 - Prob. 1QTCCh. 26.2 - Prob. 2QTCCh. 26.2 - Prob. 3QTCCh. 26.2 - Prob. 1CYPCh. 26.2 - Prob. 2CYPCh. 26.3 - Compare and contrast in vivo and ex vivo gene...Ch. 26.3 - Prob. 2LOCh. 26.3 - Prob. 1CYPCh. 26.3 - Prob. 2CYPCh. 26.3 - Prob. 3CYPCh. 26.4 - Prob. 1LOCh. 26.4 - Prob. 2LOCh. 26.4 - Prob. 3LOCh. 26.4 - Prob. 1CYPCh. 26.4 - Explain how comparative genomics can provide...Ch. 26.4 - Prob. 3CYPCh. 26 - Prob. S25.1BYBCh. 26 - Prob. S25.2BYBCh. 26 - Prob. S25.3BYBCh. 26 - Prob. 1ACh. 26 - Prob. 2ACh. 26 - The polymerase chain reaction Use RNA polymerase...Ch. 26 - Prob. 4ACh. 26 - Prob. 5ACh. 26 - In this process, cells are removed from the body...Ch. 26 - When a cloned gene is used to modify a human...Ch. 26 - Prob. 8ACh. 26 - Prob. 9ACh. 26 - Prob. 10ACh. 26 - Prob. 1TCCh. 26 - In a genomic comparison between humans and yeast,...
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- Restriction sites are palindromic; that is, they read the same in the5' to 3' direction on each strand of DNA. What is the advantage ofhaving restriction sites organized this way?arrow_forwardDescribe the process of cloning a DNA fragment into theBamHI and PstI sites of the vector pUC18. How would youscreen for clones that contain an insert? and explain the process(steps) by drawingarrow_forwardIn recombinant DNA technology, vectors are used to transfer a gene of interest in the host cells. Mention any three features of vectors that are most suitable for this purpose.arrow_forward
- Starting with a sample of RNA that contains the mRNA for theβ-globin gene, explain how you could create many copies of theβ-globin cDNA using reverse transcriptase PCR.arrow_forwardIn order to target a specific region of genomic DNA with CRISPR, researchers must include a guide RNA containing a 20-basepair long spacer sequence that matches the DNA sequence at the target site. (i) How many possible guide RNA spacer sequences are there? (ii) One of the possible risks of genetic engineering methods is “off-target” editing, where a modification of the genome occurs in a part of the genome other than the target site. Imagine you design a 20-basepair guide RNA spacer sequence to target a specific portion of the Zebrafish genome, which is 1.7 billion nucleotides long. Assuming all nucleotides are equally common, estimate the probability that your spacer sequence occurs in at least one other position in the Zebrafish genome.arrow_forwardYour company has decided to develop a PCR test that will be used to determine Huntington's disease. This genetic test will consist of a single PCR-amplification reaction of genomic DNA that will attach to the disease's gene either side of the repeated region to ensure amplification. Which of the following properties do you need consider when designing the orientation of the two primers relative to the template DNA? a) The primers’ 5′ → 3′ orientations must point toward each other when bound to the template. b) The primers’ 5′ → 3′ orientations must point away from each other when bound to the template. c) The primers’ 5′ → 3′ orientations must go in the same direction when bound to the template. d) The primers must be complementary to each other and to the template.arrow_forward
- Genetically modified Atlantic salmon have recently been approved for human consumption. These genetically modified Atlantic salmon have a growth hormone gene from the Chinook salmon which allows them to grow to market size in double the time. This was possible because of CRISPR/Cas9 technology. From what you know about gene editing and CRISPR/Cas9, name 2 components of the technology that had to be introduced into the Atlantic salmon. Which method of DNA repair had to be used (non-homologous end joining or homology‐directed repair) to edit the Atlantic salmon genome?arrow_forwardBesides the great potential of gene editing, what are the biggest risks?  How do scientist test to ensure their gene editing experiments target only the desired specific genes?arrow_forwardIn the formation of recombinant DNA, a restriction endonuclease cuts a bacterial plasmid to give sticky ends. The DNA segments that are to be added to the plasmid are cleaved with the same restriction endonuclease. What aresticky ends and why is it important that the target DNA and the plasmid it will be incorporated into have complementary sticky ends?arrow_forward
- Why is genome editing by CRISPR-Cas advantageous over traditionalmethods for creating knockout or transgenic animals?Explain your answers.arrow_forwardWhen performing cloning experiments, it is not always necessary to treat sources of DNA with the same restriction enzyme. For example, DNA treated with EcoRI can be combined with DNA from a treatment using FunII. Explain why this is possible.arrow_forwardWhat advantages do cDNA libraries provide over genomic DNA libraries? Describe cloning applications where the use of a genomic library is necessary to provide information that a cDNA library cannot.arrow_forward
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