The reason why numerous base changes in a genome have no effect on the organism’s fitness. Concept introduction: Mutations are heritable changes in the genome. It causes diversity in genes. Mutation may be due to chromosomal rearrangement or base changes in DNA such as nucleotide pair substitution, insertion, or deletion. The mutation that results in the change of protein functions affects organism fitness.

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Chapter 26.5, Problem 2CC

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To explain: The reason why numerous base changes in a genome have no effect on the organism’s fitness.

Concept introduction:

Mutations are heritable changes in the genome. It causes diversity in genes. Mutation may be due to chromosomal rearrangement or base changes in DNA such as nucleotide pair substitution, insertion, or deletion. The mutation that results in the change of protein functions affects organism fitness.

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11 del 156 Chapter 13 Mutations are the source of all change. ? QUESTION Kaybee Kauffer. 3. If a rabbit with the defective gene is not fed plants with the pigment, what color is its fat? Can you see how the environment influences the expression of a trait? 4. What is different about a gene that creates albino color? 5. Describe the variation in the appearance among individuals in a population when a trait is single-gene controlled compared to a trait that is multiple-gene controlled. Mutations A mutation is a change in the sequence of nucleotides in the gene (DNA). A gene can be mutated (changed) by radiation, chemicals in the environment, or other spontaneous events that are surprisingly common on this planet. 1. Which amino acid is supposed to be lined up at codon 6? (Hint: Refer to the table in Exercise #2.) Glutamic Acid GAA 10 na na na na na na na nangy W Codon 6 2. What would happen if a mutation in DNA changed codon 6 in the mRNA to GUA? (This one nucleotide substitution creates…

01 Source of DNA Base Percentage Adenine Guanine Cytosine Thymine Sca urchin 32.8 17.7 17.3 32.1 Salmon 29.7 20.8 20.4 29.1 Wheat 28.1 21.8 22.7 E; coli 24.7 26.0 Human 30.4 29.0 a) Explain how the sea urchin and salmon data demonstrate both of Chargaff's rules Using Chargaff's rules, fill in the table with your predictions of the missing percentages of bases starting with the wheat genome and proceeding through coli, human; and ox. Show how you arrived at your answers_ c) If Chargaff's rule-that the amount of A equals the amount of T and the amount of C equals the amount of G ~is valid, then hypothetically we could extrapolate this to the combined DNA of all species on Earth (like one huge Earth genome) . To see whether the data in the table support this hypothesis, calculate the average percentage for each base in your completed table by averaging the values in each column: Does Chargaff's equivalence rule still hold true?