Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
RQ value for glucose oxidation and tripalmitoylglycerol should be calculated.
Concept introduction:
RQ (respiratory quotient) value is the ratio of the volume of carbon dioxide produced to the amount of oxygen gas required in respiration process over a fixed period of time. Its value can be zero, less than one, one, and more than one.
(b)
Interpretation:
The use of RQ measurements of different energy sources during intense exercise should be determined.
Concept introduction:
RQ (respiratory quotient) value is the ratio of the volume of carbon dioxide produced to the amount of oxygen gas required in the respiration process over a fixed period of time. Its value can be zero, less than one, one, and more than one.
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Chapter 27 Solutions
Biochemistry
- Understanding the Oxidation of Glucose and Its Products in the TCA Cycle Glycolysis, the pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction, and the TCA cycle result in complete oxidation of a molecule of glucose to CO2. Review the calculation of oxidation numbers for individual atoms in any molecule, and then calculate the oxidation numbers of the carbons of glucose, pyruvate, the acetyl carbons of acetyl-CoA. and the metabolites of the TCA cycle to convince yourself that complete oxidation of glucose involves removal of 24 electrons and that each acetyl-CoA through the TCA cycle gives up 8 electrons.arrow_forwardCorrelate the importance of Citric Acid Cycle in maintaining the glucose hemeostasis.arrow_forwardDiscuss the metabolic control for HMG CoA reductase synthesis and activityarrow_forward
- Calculate the ∆G°' for the complete oxidation of acetate (C2H3O2-) to CO2 by: a) aerobic metabolism and Express ∆G°' as kJ mol-1 acetate. Use any method you choose but show your work.arrow_forwardIn working skeletal muscle under anaerobic conditions, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is converted to pyruvate (the payoff phase of glycolysis), and the pyruvate is reduced to lactate. Write balanced biochemical equations for all the reactions in this process, with the standard free-energy change for eachreaction. Then write the overall or net equation for the payoff phase of glycolysis (with lactate as the end product), including the net standard free-energy change.arrow_forwardCalculate the number of ATPs generated by the complete metabolic oxidation of tripalmitin (tripalmitoylglycerol). Hydrolysis of the triacylglycerol occurs at the cell surface. Consider the energy yield from catabolism of glycerol, as well as from the fatty acids. Calculate the ATP yield per carbon atom oxidized, and compare it with the energy yield from glucose.arrow_forward
- Considering the fatty acids: (a) Arachidic acid (C20H40O2); molar mass = 312.5 g/mol) (b) Palmitoleic acid (C16H30O2); molar mass = 256.4 g/mol). How many cycles of β -oxidation are needed for complete oxidation? How many molecules of acetyl CoA are formed from its complete catabolism? How can you calculate the number of molecules (moles) of ATP formed (net) by the complete catabolism of each fatty acid? and the number of moles of ATP formed per gram of each fatty acid metabolized??arrow_forwardIngesting large amounts of glucose before a marathon might seem to be a good way of increasing the fuel stores. However, experienced runners do not ingest glucose before a race. What is the biochemical reason for their avoidance of this potential fuel? (Hint: Consider the effect of glucose ingestion on the level of insulin.)arrow_forwardAll steps in the calculations must be reported, incomplete reporting of these leads directly to return. Make a theoretical calculation of how many ATP molecules can be formed from the degradation of an acetyl-CoA molecule to carbon dioxide and water if the entire proton gradient across the mitochondria's inner membrane can be used for ATP production and when the ATP synthase has 15 c-subunits.arrow_forward
- Show sequentially, the total ATP Yield and the net ATP Yield in the complete oxidation of Glucose (from Glycolysis to Oxidative Phosphorylation) in the Muscle and Heart Tissues of a man. Indicate the differences in the ATP yield in both tissues.arrow_forwardc) Cooperation between glycolysis and gluconeogenesis is important to ensure the glucose-subjected energy demands of specific cells are met. Explain this statement.arrow_forwardMost individuals with genetic defects in oxidative phosphorylation are found to have relatively high concentrations of alanine in their blood. how this in biochemical terms? please help :)arrow_forward
- BiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781305577206Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. GrishamPublisher:Cengage Learning