Concept explainers
Interpretation:
The mechanism for the given conversion reaction is to be explained.
Concept introduction:
Nucleophilic substitution reaction
A nucleophile is the Lewis base that donates the electron to form a covalent bond with the electrophile.
An electrophile is the Lewis acid that accepts the electron to form a bond with the nucleophile.
The good leaving groups are the weak base. They can be an anion or neutral molecule.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 27 Solutions
General Chemistry: Principles And Modern Applications Plus Mastering Chemistry With Pearson Etext -- Access Card Package (11th Edition)
- A problem often encountered in the oxidation of primary alcohols to acids is that esters are sometimes produced as by-products. For example, oxidation of ethanol yields acetic acid and ethyl acetate: Propose a mechanism to account for the formation of ethyl acetate. Take into account the reversible reaction between aldehydes and alcohols:arrow_forward10) For the reaction between isopropyl 1-propyl (or 'n-propyl') ether and HBr, which type of reaction best matches the expected products? A) Acid-catalyzed dehydration B) Nucleophilic substitution reaction C) Ether cleavage reaction D) Nucleophilic addition-elimination reactionarrow_forward7) You want to synthesize 3-methyl-2-pentene from 2-chloro-3-methylpentane. Which reagent would you use? a. HCI, heat b. NH:(aq), 25°C c. CH:CO2NA, CH:CO2H, heat d. CH3CH2ONA, CH3CH2OH, heat e. CН:CH2ОН, heatarrow_forward
- Give Introduction about Alcohols, ethers, and epoxides ?arrow_forwardDescribe a sequence of reactions by which cis-2-pentene could be prepared from acetylene.arrow_forwardAldehydes and ketones react with one molecule of an alcohol to form compounds called hemiacetals, in which there is one hydroxyl group and one ether-like group. Reaction of a hemiacetal with a second molecule of alcohol gives an acetal and a molecule of water. We study this reaction in Chapter 16. Draw structural formulas for the hemiacetal and acetal formed from these reagents. The stoichiometry of each reaction is given in the problem.arrow_forward
- Draw structural formulas for the alkene that gives each alcohol upon hydroboration-oxidation. (a) (b)arrow_forward4-methyl-3-hexanol was prepared by reacting an alkene with either hydroboration-oxidation or oxymercuration-reduction. Draw the structure of the alkene that was used to prepare the alcohol in highest yield. You do not have to consider stereochemistry. • Indicate the method of preparation by drawing either BH; (for hydroboration-oxidation), or Hg (for oxymercuration-reduction), in a separate sketcher. If there is more than one alkene that can be used for a given method, draw all of them. If either hydroboration-oxidation or oxymercuration-reduction can be used, just give the structures for one method. • Separate structures with + signs from the drop-down menu.arrow_forward4.) HX is used as a reagent in the reaction below. „NH2 он + HX + :NEN: + A. What functional-group transformation occurs in this reaction?arrow_forward
- what condition would you need to promote an elimination reaction of an alcohol to obtain an Alkene?arrow_forwardCitronellol ((3R)-3,7-dimethyloct-6-en-1-ol, C10H20O) is an organic fragrance found in the oil extracted from lemon grass. a) Name the two functional groups present in the molecule. b) When a few drops of bromine dissolved in hexane is added to a sample of citronellol the brown colour of the bromine rapidly disappears. i. What type of chemical reaction has occurred? ii. Draw the structure of the product formed. iii. Name the product. c) The product formed when citronellol is heated with a mixture of potassium dichromate and sulfuric acid gives a yellow/orange precipitate when shaken with Brady’s reagent (2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine). It also shows a positive result with Fehling’s solution. i. What type of chemical reaction has occurred ? ii. What type of functional group is present in the product? d) Explain the type of stereoisomerism which may occur in citronellol.arrow_forward11. Starting with 1-butene synthesize the following compounds: d of a) Butanal b) Pentanal c) Pentanoic Acid d) 2-hexeneo m) 12. Starting with 1-propanol synthesize the following compounds di d a) Propanoic acid b) Propanal c) 3-pentanonearrow_forward
- Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Bioche...ChemistryISBN:9781305960060Author:Spencer L. Seager, Michael R. Slabaugh, Maren S. HansenPublisher:Cengage LearningOrganic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305580350Author:William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. FootePublisher:Cengage Learning