Brock Biology of Microorganisms
15th Edition
ISBN: 9780134626352
Author: MADIGAN
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 27.7, Problem 1CR
Q What diversity-generating mechanisms function to produce the nearly unlimited variety of antigen-specific TCRs? What structural and functional features are common to proteins classified within the Ig gene superfamily?
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Chapter 27 Solutions
Brock Biology of Microorganisms
Ch. 27.1 - Prob. 1MQCh. 27.1 - Prob. 2MQCh. 27.1 - Distinguish between clonal deletion and clonal...Ch. 27.1 - QWhy is it necessary that all three defining...Ch. 27.2 - Identify the intrinsic and extrinsic properties of...Ch. 27.2 - Describe an epitope recognized by an antibody, and...Ch. 27.2 - Give an example for each: natural and artificial...Ch. 27.2 - QWhat properties are required for a vaccine to...Ch. 27.3 - Summarize antibody production starting with...Ch. 27.3 - Differentiate among antibody classes using...
Ch. 27.3 - Prob. 3MQCh. 27.3 - QDescribe the structural and functional...Ch. 27.4 - Draw a complete Ig molecule and identify...Ch. 27.4 - Describe antigen binding to the CDR1, 2, and 3...Ch. 27.4 - Describe the recombination events that produce a...Ch. 27.4 - QWhich Ig chains are used to construct a complete...Ch. 27.5 - Identify the cells that display MHC class I and...Ch. 27.5 - Compare the MHC I and MHC II protein structures...Ch. 27.5 - Define the sequence of events for processing and...Ch. 27.5 - QDescribe the basic structure of class I and class...Ch. 27.6 - Define polymorphism and polygeny as they apply to...Ch. 27.6 - How does a single MHC protein present many...Ch. 27.6 - QPolymorphism implies that each different MHC...Ch. 27.7 - Prob. 1MQCh. 27.7 - Identify diversity-generating mechanisms unique to...Ch. 27.7 - Describe and compare the structural features of Ig...Ch. 27.7 - QWhat diversity-generating mechanisms function to...Ch. 27.8 - Describe the mechanism used by Tc cells to...Ch. 27.8 - Describe the effector system (the cell-killing...Ch. 27.8 - Compare and contrast the roles and activities of...Ch. 27.8 - QWhat mechanism do Tc cells use to identify and...Ch. 27.9 - Discriminate between immediate hypersensitivity...Ch. 27.9 - Provide examples and mechanisms for an...Ch. 27.9 - QHow do immediate and delayed-type...Ch. 27.10 - Describe the binding site for superantigens on T...Ch. 27.10 - Compare and contrast the immunodeficiency observed...Ch. 27.10 - Prob. 3MQCh. 27.10 - Prob. 1CRCh. 27 - Antibodies of the IgA class are probably more...Ch. 27 - Prob. 2AQCh. 27 - Polymorphism implies that each different MHC...Ch. 27 - What problems would arise if a person had a...
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- What is the role of genomics in generating anti-SEMA3A monoclonal antibodies as a potential therapeutic antibody against GBM progression? Explain in detailed manner.arrow_forwardHow is COVID19 described by scientists and why is the effectiveness of herd immunity so hotly debated within the scientific community?arrow_forwardHybridoma technology allows one to generatemonoclonal antibodies to virtually any protein. Why isit, then, that genetically tagging proteins with epitopes issuch a commonly used technique, especially since an epi-tope tag has the potential to interfere with the function ofthe protein?arrow_forward
- Antibody diversity is generated by multiple mechanisms, each of which contributes to the generation of antibodies with up to 1011 different amino acid sequences in their antigen-binding sites. Several of these mechanisms involve changes in the DNA sequences encoding the antibody heavy and light chain proteins. One mechanism that does not rely on changes to the DNA within the immunoglobulin heavy and light chain gene loci is, instead, dependent on: The contributions of amino acids from both the heavy chain and the light chain to form the antigen-binding site The random usage of V, D, and J gene segments to form the heavy chain V region sequence The random usage of k light chains versus l light chains to pair with the heavy chain The activity of TdT to add random nucleotides at the junctions between the V, J, and D region sequences The fact that heavy chain V regions contain an extra gene segment encoded by the D region compared to light chain V regionsarrow_forwardBriefly describe three ways that antibody diversity is increased.arrow_forwardIdentify and describe important targeted ISGs (interferon-stimulated genes).arrow_forward
- Which of the following does not contribute to generating the diversity of antigen-binding specificities among immunoglobulins? a. somatic hypermutation b. random combination of heavy and light chains c. somatic recombination d. activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) e. alternative splicing of heavy-chain RNA transcripts.arrow_forwardHow does Antibody test detect Covid-19 antibodies?arrow_forwardMCQ. It is possible to incubate your tissue with two different primary antibodies simultaneously. If this is done, it is imperative that you can track each primary antibody with a different color. For example, one secondary antibody is tagged with Alexa488 which emits as green and another secondary antibody is tagged with Alexa 555 which emits as orange. Which of the following immunohistochemistry protocols is appropriate? a. Using Rabbit anti-GFAP and Rabbit anti-S100beta, followed by anti-rabbit Alexa 488 secondary antibody b. Using Rabbit anti-GFAP and Chicken anti-S100beta, followed by anti-rabbit Alexa 488 and anti-chicken Alexa 555 secondary antibodies c. Using Rabbit anti-GFAP and Chicken anti-S100beta, followed by anti-rabbit Alexa 555 and anti-chicken Alexa 555 secondary antibodies d. Using Rabbit anti-GFAP and Rabbit anti-S100beta, followed by anti-rabbit Alexa 488 and anti-rabbit Alexa 555 secondary antibodiesarrow_forward
- Briefly explain the characteristics of the Immunoglobulin (Ig) Classes.arrow_forwardDescribe the recombination events that produce a matureheavy-chain gene and other somatic events that furtherenhance antibody diversityarrow_forwardIllustrate how latex agglutination works to bind C-reactive proteins to cause agglutinationarrow_forward
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