COLLEGE PHYSICS
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781464196393
Author: Freedman
Publisher: MAC HIGHER
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Chapter 28, Problem 11QAP
To determine
The particle that composed of quark and antiquark is classified as
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A cyclotron is a machine that can be used to accelerate charged particles to achieve large kinetic energies. The resulting beams of highly energetic particles then can be used for many medical applications, including Proton Therapy (a more precise form of "radiation" used in the treatment of some cancers).
A description of the cyclotron can be found in section 19.3 of the text. If a proton (of mass 1.673x10-27kg) is accelerated to its maximum velocity inside a dee with radius 2.08cm (this is the radius you would use for the "r" term in the centripetal acceleration), and if the magnetic field has a magnitude of 2.44x10-2T, what is the resulting velocity of the proton in units of km/s (kilometer per second)?
At the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) facility on Long Island, NY, they
accelerate gold nuclei (79 protons with a total mass of 3x10-25 kg) with a very
strong magnetic field (the proton has a charge of 1.6x10-19 C). If the magnetic
field were 2 Tesla, what would be the cyclotron radius of the circular loop
that the nuclei circle around in, assuming they go at about the speed of light,
3x108 m/s? (note, in real life, the RHIC collider is considerably larger than this
because of relativistic effects!)
a. 1.5 m
b. 2.5 m
c. 3.5 m
d. 4.5 m
Chapter 28 Solutions
COLLEGE PHYSICS
Ch. 28 - Prob. 1QAPCh. 28 - Prob. 2QAPCh. 28 - Prob. 3QAPCh. 28 - Prob. 4QAPCh. 28 - Prob. 5QAPCh. 28 - Prob. 6QAPCh. 28 - Prob. 7QAPCh. 28 - Prob. 8QAPCh. 28 - Prob. 9QAPCh. 28 - Prob. 10QAP
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- In supei novae, neutrinos are produced in huge amounts. They were detected from the 1987A supernova in the Magellanic Cloud, which is about 120,000 light- years away from Earth (relatively close to our Milky Way Galaxy). If neutrinos have a mass, they cannot travel at the speed of light, but if their mass is small, their velocity would be almost that of light, (a) Suppose a neutrino with a 7eV/c2mass has a kinetic energy of 700 keV. Find the relativistic quantity =11v2/c2for it. (b) If the neutrino leaves the 1987A supernova at the same time as a photon and both travel to Earth, how much sooner does the photon arrive? This is not a large time difference, given that it is impossible to know which neutrino left with which photon and the poor efficiency of the neutrino detectors. Thus, the fact that neutrinos were observed within hours of the brightening of the supernova only places an upper limit on the neutrino’s mass. (Hint: You may need to use a series expansion to find v for the neutrino, since its is so large.)arrow_forwardIt is estimated that weapons tests in the atmosphere have deposited approximately 9 MCi of 90Sr on the surface of the earth. Find the mass of this amount of 90Sr.arrow_forwardA positron is an antimatter version of the electron, having exactly the same mass. When a positron and an electron meet, they annihilate, converting all of their mass into energy. (a) Find the energy released, assuming negligible kinetic energy before the annihilation. (b) If this energy is given to a proton in the form of kinetic energy, what is its velocity? (c) If this energy is given to another electron in the form of kinetic energy, what is its velocity?arrow_forward
- (a) Verify from its quark composition that the particle could be an excited state of the proton. (b) There is a spread of about 100 MeV in the decay energy of the interpreted as uncertainty due to its short lifetime. What is its approximate lifetime? (c) Does its decay proceed via the strong or weak force?arrow_forwardWhy does the meson have such a short lifetime compared to most other mesons?arrow_forwardConstruct Your Own Problem Consider an ultrahighenergy cosmic ray entering the Earth’s atmosphere (some have energies approaching a joule). Construct a problem in which you calculate the energy of the particle based on the number of particles in an observed cosmic ray shower. Among the things to consider are the average mass of the shower particles, the average number per square meter, and the extent (number of square meters covered) of the shower. Express the energy in eV and joules.arrow_forward
- When a stat erupts in a supernova explosion, huge numbers of electron neutrinos are formed in nuclear reactions. Such neutrinos from the 1987A supernova in the relatively nearby Magellanic Cloud were observed within hours of the initial brightening, indicating they traveled to earth at approximately the speed of light. Explain how this date can be used to set an upper limit on the mass of the neutrino, noting that the mass is small the neutrinos could travel very close to the speed at light and have a reasonable energy (on the order of MeV).arrow_forwardElectrons and positions are collided in a circular accelerator. Derive the expression for the center-of-mass energy of the particle.arrow_forwardConstruct Your Own Problem Consider a highly relativistic particle. Discuss what is meant by the term "highly relativistic." (Note that, in part, it means that the particle cannot be massless.) Construct a problem in which you calculate the wavelength of such a particle and show that it is very nearly the same as the wavelength of a massless particle, such as a photon, with the same energy. Among the things to be considered are the rest energy of the particle (it should be a known particle) and its total energy, which should be large compared to its rest energy.arrow_forward
- We ratio of the strong to the weak force and the ratio of the strong force to the electromagnetic force become 1 under circumstances where they are unified. What are the ratios of the strong force to wage two forces under normal circumstances?arrow_forwardA charged particle in a 2.0-T magnetic field is bent in a circle of radius 75 cm. What is the momentum of the particle?arrow_forwardWhat is for a proton having a mass energy of 938.3 MeV accelerated through an effective potential of 1.0 TV (teravolt) at Fermilab outside Chicago?arrow_forward
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