COLLEGE PHYSICS
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781464196393
Author: Freedman
Publisher: MAC HIGHER
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Chapter 28, Problem 41QAP
To determine
The recessional speed of the galaxy
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3- a) The distance to Alpha Centauri (the nearest large star to Earth) is 4.37 Ly (Light Years). What is the distance in miles (given that one Ly = 5.88 x 1012 miles?)
b) Present rocket ship speeds are roughly 100,000 miles per hour, which is the same as 8.766 x 108 miles per year. At this speed, and using the distance you calculated in (a), how many years would it take to travel to Alpha Centauri?
One of two identical twins becomes an astronaut, while the other becomes a real estate broker. The astronaut embarks on high-speed space travel and is gone for several years. Upon the astronaut's return, the two twins reunite and compare their physical appearances. The result will be that
Setup: A futuristic trip from Earth to Alpha Centauri is taking place. The travellers start on Earth, from position (t, x) = (0, 0). They must travel from Earth (considered stationary) to Alpha Centauri, a distance of L = 4.37 light years away, such that they arrive at Alpha Centauri at Earth time of T = 10 years.
a) Team A travels with a constant acceleration so that their worldline can be parametrized by the proper time Tau as
t(Tau) = a-1sinh(a*Tau)
x(Tau) = a-1(cosh(a*Tau) - 1)
for a constant 'a.' They blast off at (t, x) = (0, 0) and travel with this constant acceleration until they reach Alpha Centauri at Earth time of 10 years. What proper time does Team A measure (in years)?
Chapter 28 Solutions
COLLEGE PHYSICS
Ch. 28 - Prob. 1QAPCh. 28 - Prob. 2QAPCh. 28 - Prob. 3QAPCh. 28 - Prob. 4QAPCh. 28 - Prob. 5QAPCh. 28 - Prob. 6QAPCh. 28 - Prob. 7QAPCh. 28 - Prob. 8QAPCh. 28 - Prob. 9QAPCh. 28 - Prob. 10QAP
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- Our solar system orbits the center of the Milky Way galaxy. Assuming a circular orbit 30,000 ly in radius and an orbital speed of 250 km/s, how many years does it take for one revolution? Note than this is approximate, assuming constant speed and circular orbit, but it is representative of the time for our system and local stars to make one revolution around the galaxy.arrow_forwardNear the center of our galaxy, hydrogen gas is moving directly away from us in its orbit about a black hole. We receive 1900 nm electromagnetic radiation and know that it was 1875 nm when emitted by the hydrogen gas. What is the speed of the gas?arrow_forwardIf the current position and velocity of every particle in the Universe were known, together with the laws describing the forces that particles exert on one another, the whole future of the Universe could he calculated. The future is determinate and preordained. Free will is an illusion. Do you agree with this thesis? Argue for or against it.arrow_forward
- Review. A global positioning system (GPS) satellite moves in a circular orbit with period 11 h 58 min. (a) Determine the radius of its orbit. (b) Determine its speed. (c) The nonmilitary GPS signal is broadcast at a frequency of 1 575.42 MHz in the reference frame of the satellite. When it is received on the Earths surface by a GPS receiver (Fig. P38.41), what is the fractional change in this frequency due to time dilation as described by special relativity? (d) The gravitational blueshift of the frequency according to general relativity is a separate effect. It is called a blueshift to indicate a change to a higher frequency. The magnitude of that fractional change is given by ff=Ugmc2 where Ug is the change in gravitational potential energy of an objectEarth system when the object of mass m is moved between the two points where the signal is observed. Calculate this fractional change in frequency due to the change in position of the satellite from the Earths surface to its orbital position. (e) What is the overall fractional change in frequency due to both time dilation and gravitational blueshift? Figure P38.41arrow_forwardYou are an engineer assigned to build a spaceship. The length and diameter of your spaceship as measured by an astronaut on board are 80.0 m and 25.0 m, respectively. The spaceship moves at 70% the speed of light relative to you on Earth in a direction parallel to its length. What are its dimensions as measured by you on Earth?arrow_forwardThe star of a distant solar system explodes as a supernova. At the moment of the explosion, anresting exploration spaceship is 15 AU away from the shock wave. The shock wave of the explosiontravels with 25000 km/s towards the spaceship. To save the crew, the spacecra makes useof a special booster that uniformly accelerates at 150 m/s2 in the opposite direction.Determine if the crew manages to escape from the shock wave. (Neglect relativistic eects.)arrow_forward
- Consider the case of two kids, Sam and Peter, riding a train and playing catch in an empty car. The train is moving to the right at 10 m/s. The kids can throw the ball at a speed of 5 m/s. The side of the car is transparent and a poodle named Max can see the boys playing inside. What is the speed and direction of Sam’s throw to Peter, according to Max? Explain.arrow_forward21. An Unidentified flying object (UFO) is travelling across our atmosphere with a speed of 0.75c. The citizens on Earth estimated the length of the UFO roughly around 500m. Applying the concept of special relativity, what is the length of the UFO if the inertial frame of reference is the UFO itself?? 23. Attach your solutions in GAFSA format for the questions. Given, Ask, Formula, Solution, Answerarrow_forwardThe diameter of our disk-shaped galaxy, the Milky Way, is about 1.0 105 light-years (ly). The distance to the Andromeda galaxy (Fig. PI.57), which is the spiral galaxy nearest to the Milky Way, is about 2.0 million ly. If a scale model represents the Milky Way and Andromeda galaxies as dinner plates 25 cm in diameter, determine the distance between the centers of the two plates.arrow_forward
- Two astronomical events are observed from Earth to occur at a time of 1 s apart and a distance separation of 1.5109m from each other. (a) Determine whether separation of the two events is space like or time like. (b) State what this implies about whether it is consistent with special relativity for one event to have caused the other?arrow_forwardA physics professor on the Earth gives an exam to her students, who are in a spacecraft traveling at speed v relative to the Earth. The moment the craft passes the professor, she signals the start of the exam. She wishes her students to have a time interval T0 (spacecraft time) to complete the exam. Show that she should wait a time interval (Earth time) of T=T01/c1+/c before sending a light signal telling them to stop. (Suggestion: Remember that it takes some time for the second light signal to travel from the professor to the students.)arrow_forwardConstruct Your Own Problem Consider an astronaut traveling to another star at a relativistic velocity. Construct a problem in which you calculate the time for the trip as observed on the Earth and as observed by the astronaut. Also calculate the amount of mass that must be converted to energy to get the astronaut and ship to the velocity travelled. Among the things to be considered are the distance to the star, the velocity, and the mass of the astronaut and ship. Unless your instructor directs you otherwise, do not include any energy given to other masses, such as rocket propellants.arrow_forward
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Time Dilation - Einstein's Theory Of Relativity Explained!; Author: Science ABC;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yuD34tEpRFw;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY