Concept explainers
To analyze:
The preference of hummingbirds and bees among red and light pink flowers and the significant difference in their visitation rates. The reason for the preference of red flowers by hummingbirds.
Given:
The variation at a single locus called the yup caused color differences in the two species, which was found by the researchers. The gene of M. cardinalis allele C is recessive, whereas the allele L of the M. lewisii is dominant.
The genotypes CC were found to be red and the genotypes LC and LL were found to be light pink. The preference of the bees and hummingbirds were recorded. The graphs below show the visitation rates of the bees and hummingbirds.
Introduction:
Flower shows a variety of morphology having different color, structure, and texture. The morphology of flowers is decided by their genetic trait. Pollination plays an important role in the life cycle of the plant. It helps in fertilization of flowers. Pollination is carried out with the help of different insects, birds, and animals.
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Chapter 28 Solutions
Life: The Science of Biology
- The crab spider, Thomisus spectabilis, sits on flowers and preys upon visiting honeybees. Do honeybees distinguish between flowers that have crab spiders and flowers that do not? To test this, Heiling et al. (2003) gave 34 bees a choice between 2 flowers: one with, and one without a crab spider. In 24 of the 34 trials, the bees picked the flower that had the spider. In the other trials, the bees chose the spiderless flower. With these data, carry out the appropriate hypothesis test (one- or two-tailed), using the normal approximation to the binomial distribution to determine Z. For a one-tailed test, use the formula =(1-NORM.DIST(Z,0,1,TRUE) in Excel calculate P. For a two-tailed test, use the formula =2(1-NORM.DIST(Z,0,1,TRUE). State your answer for the value of P to three decimal places, and include the leading zero. Do all of the math in Excel DO NOT round the value of Z. Substitute the cell (e.g. B1) for Z in the formula for P.arrow_forwardWhat do you understand by self-pollination & cross pollination? Give examples of each.arrow_forwardMost wind-pollinated flowering plants have inconspicuous, non-fragrant flowers. How might nature be affected if all flowers were that way?arrow_forward
- Which statement about wind-pollinated plants is correct? Their stamens and stigmas are inside the flower and, compared to insect-pollinated plants, they have large petals Their stamens and stigmas are outside the flower and, compared to insect-pollinated plants, they have small petals Their stamens and stigmas are outside the flower and, compared to insect-pollinated plants, they have large petalsarrow_forwardUnder which of the following conditions would pollen from an S2S5 plant successfully pollinate an S1S5 flower? a. Using pollen from a carpelate flower to fertilize a staminate flower would be successful. b. If the plants used gametophytic self-incompatibility, half of the pollen would be successful. c. If the plants used sporophytic self-incompatibility, half of the pollen would be successful. d. Pollen from an S2S5 plant can never pollinate an S1S5 flower.arrow_forwardWhat is the difference between self-pollination and cross-pollination? If pollen is transferred from the stamens of a flower to the stigma of the very same flower, is that cross-pollination or self-pollination? If it is transferredfrom the stamen of one flower to the stigma of another flower on the very same plant? If it is transferred from the stamen of one flower to the stigma of another flower on a different plant, but a plant that is a clone of the first one? Animals do not have pollen, of course, but why is it that most animals never have to worry about the equivalent problem of self-fertilization? Why cannot most animals fertilize themselves?arrow_forward
- A) Using the information/image provided, why could the researchers rule out pollinator selection as a reason for flower color variation? B) What must be true about the flowers in Boechera stricta? A) Plants have both male and female flowers that are reproductively mature at the same time. B) Plants have both male and female flowers that are reproductively mature at different times. C) Plants produce either male or female flowers C) If the scientists' hypothesis is true, what type of herbivore defense is flower pigmentation in this mustard? either constitutive or induciblearrow_forwardWhat are chasmogamous flowers? Can cross-pollination occur in cleistogamous flowers? Give reasons for your answerarrow_forwardHow do the petals of wind-pollinated flowers differ from the petals of most insect-pollinated flowers? How is this difference adapative?arrow_forward
- Discuss how bees and bee-pollinated flower are each modified to maximize their interactionarrow_forwardIn wild columbine, flower morphology encourages crosspollination. However, during the middle of the receptive period of the stigma, self-pollination can occur if the flower was not previously pollinated. If cross-pollination occurs after selfpollination, then that pollen reaches the base of the style before the self-pollen. Discuss the adaptive significance of this reproduction strategy.arrow_forwardFitness can be measured as seed set (seed production) Why is it important to measure fitness as seed production?arrow_forward
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