Concept explainers
Interpretation:
The Gibbs free energy and required change in enthalpy for a reaction system are to be calculated with given
Concept introduction:
Gibbs Free Energy can be defined as
Here,
When the change in entropy is negligible or zero, the equation changes to the expression:
Second law of thermodynamics tells about the spontaneity of a reaction and Gibbs free energy will tell in which direction the reaction is spontaneous.
It can be expressed mathematically as
Here,
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ORGANIC CHEMISTRY-ETEXT REG ACCESS
- (a) Write the chemical equation for the equilibriumthat corresponds to Kb. (b) By using the value ofKb, calculate ΔG° for the equilibrium in part (a). (c) What isthe value of ΔG at equilibrium? (d) What is the value of ΔGwhen [H+] = 6.7x 10-9 M, [CH3NH3 +] = 2.4 x 10-3 M,and [CH3NH2] = 0.098 M?arrow_forward1.4 4 (a) Calculate the value of Kc for the reaction: PCl5 (g) PCl3 (g) + Cl2 (g) ΔH = Positive Given that when 8.4 mol of PCl5 (g) is mixed with 1.8 mol of PCl3 (g) and allowed to come to equilibrium in a 10 dm3container the amount of PCl5 (g) at equilibrium is 7.2 mol. Kc =arrow_forward(a) Calculate the value of Kc for the reaction: PCl5 (g) PCl3 (g) + Cl2 (g) ΔH = Positive Given that when 8.4 mol of PCl5 (g) is mixed with 1.8 mol of PCl3 (g) and allowed to come to equilibrium in a 10 dm3container the amount of PCl5 (g) at equilibrium is 7.2 mol. Kc = (b) Explain the effect of the following changes below on the value of Kc: Increasing temperature Lowering the concentration of chlorine (Cl2) Addition of a catalystarrow_forward
- (28) The standard Gibbs free energy associated with the following reaction is -91.2 kJ: HCI (g) + NH3 (g) → NH,CI (s) What will be the value of AG,nn if the reaction takes place at 42.2°C, the partial pressure of HCI (g) is 0.788 atm and the partial pressure of NH3 (g) is 0.284 atm? (A) (B) -95.1 kl -90.7 kl (C) (D) (E) 3.93 kJ noltemol or ni lu bluos noinsou -79.5 kJ -87.3 kJarrow_forwardFor a reaction with ΔHo = 40 kJ/mol, decide which of the following statements is (are) true. Correct any false statement to make it true. (a) The reaction is exothermic; (b) ΔGo for the reaction is positive; (c) Keq is greater than 1; (d) the bonds in the starting materials are stronger than the bonds in the product; and (e) the product is favored at equilibrium.arrow_forwardState if each of the following processes is spontaneous, not spontaneous, or if additional information is needed to give an answer. Make sure that you detail whatadditional information you need in order to decide.(A) A process at constant temperature and pressure for which ∆S of the system ispositive.(B) A process for which ∆S is negative and ∆Ssurr is positive.(C) A process for which ∆S is negative and ∆Ssurr is zero.arrow_forward
- 3. (a) Use the data given below and calculate AHO, ASO, A Gº, and Kp at 25° C for the reaction: CO (g) + 3 H₂ (g) - → CH4 (g) + H₂O (g) (b) Calculate AG for the reaction at 250 °C. (c) At what temperature (°C) is AG equal to zero? In what temperature range is this reaction product- favored? Compound CO (g) H₂(g) CH4 (g) H₂O (g) AH°, kJ/mol -110.52 0 -74.81 -241.82 So, J/mol K 197.67 130.68 186.264 188.83arrow_forwardQuestion: The following reaction reaches equilibrium at the specified conditions. C6H5CH=CH2 (g) + H2 (g) <---> C6H5C2H5 (g) The system initially contains 3 mol H2 for each mole of styrene. Assume ideal gases. For styrene, ΔGof,298 = 213.18 kJ/mol, ΔHof,298 = 147.36 kJ/mol. (a) What is Ka at 600oC? (b) What are the equilibrium mole fractions at 600oC and 1 bar? (c) What are the equilibrium mole fractions at 600oC and 2 bar? Request: Can you please help me with solving part c of this problem? You can go whichever order you want, but it is part c that I need help with the most. Thank you!arrow_forwardkp and delta G ^ 0 IS NEEDED onlyarrow_forward
- Which of the following statements is true? (A) The total energy and entropy of the universe are both increasing. (B) The total energy of the universe is constant, but the entropy is increasing. (C) The total energy of the universe is increasing, but the entropy is constant. (D) The total energy of the universe is constant, but the entropy decreases.arrow_forwardDetermine Δngasfor each of the following reactions:arrow_forwardWith a ΔΔGo of -550.23 kJ, calculate the equilibrium constant for the reaction at 25.0 oC.arrow_forward
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