Concept explainers
Introduction:
All living organisms are made up of cells and its products. Cells are regarded as the simplest unit (structural and functional) of life. Cellular membrane, nucleus, and cytoplasm are the three major components of a cell. Cellular membrane, which surrounds the entire cell, is composed of phospholipids and proteins. The nucleus is bound by a nuclear membrane, and it possesses the genetic material of the cell. The cytoplasm consists of organelles, cytoskeleton (filaments and tubules), and inclusion bodies. The protoplasm denotes all living materials that are present in the cell enclosed by the cellular membrane (inside and outside the nucleus).
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- Active transport is different from passive transport because a. no additional energy is required. b. molecules move from low concentration to high concentration. c. ions are involved. d. proteins are involved. e. water is moved across the membrane.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about active processes of membrane transport is true? a. cellular energy is required b. substances move against its concentration gradient c. all requires the aid of proteins during transport d. a and b e. a, b, and carrow_forwardIf the concentration of a solute is the same both inside and outside the cell, what might you expect with regard to its transport by a membrane protein? A. Since there is no concentration gradient, no transport either in or out of the cell is possible. B. The transport protein has been saturated. C. The solute must be phosphorylated with a phosphate group from ATP before further transport can occur. D. Movement of the solute across the membrane could occur and cause accumulated on one side of the membrane by an active transport protein. The concerted model of allosteric regulation is different from the sequential model, because: A. The concerted model is used to explain homotropic effects B. The sequential model is used to explain heterotropic effects C. Both A and B D. Neither A nor Barrow_forward
- Which of the following statements is/are true about transport proteins?I. They carry out biochemical functions that remove nutrients in a cell.II. They are proteins which have high specificity to a single kind of molecule.III. They function to accumulate solutes against the concentration gradient.IV. They are highly regulated in a cell.arrow_forwardMembrane proteins play the following roles: Select one: a. All of the answers b. Enzymes c. Cell communication d. Transportarrow_forwardWhere in the cell do disulfide bonds form on a protein? A.In the nucleus. B.In the lumen of the cis-Golgi.C.The the lumen of the ER.D.On the extracellular side of the plasma membrane. E.In the cytoplasm.arrow_forward
- The process of “active transport" through a membrane may be described by which of the following? A. the movement of ions and small molecules away from regions where they are in high concentration. B. the use of energy from ATP to move ions and small molecules into regions where they are in lower concentration. C. the plasma membrane engulfs the substance and moves it through the membrane. D. the use of energy from ATP to move ions and small molecules against their concentration gradient.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is incorrect regarding facilitated diffusion?a. It is a passive process.b. It allows the movement of molecules from areas of lowconcentration to areas of high concentration.c. It may use either channel or carrier proteins.d. It allows the rapid transport of glucose across the membrane.arrow_forwardBelow are three statements - two of which are truths and one is a lie. Which of the following statements is a lie? Select one: a. Both primary and secondary transport moves solutes against their concentration gradients. b. The primary active transport prepares the conditions of the membrane gradient by making the extracellular membrane slightly more negative than the intracellular membrane. c. The primary active transport uses ATP while secondary active transport helps replenish ATP.arrow_forward
- Given these three statement- two of which are truths and one is a lie. Which of the following statements is a lie? Select one: a. Unless a channel of a carrier protein is open, cations remain outside. b. When we experimentally induce a positive charge in the inside of the cell, cations will be forced out. c. Equal concentrations are achieved in the ions involved in the electrochemical gradient. Given these three statements - two of which are truths and one is a lie. Which of the following statements is a lie? Select one: a.The primary active transport prepares the conditions of the membrane gradient by making the extracellular membrane have a less negative charge in the concentration gradient than the intracellular membrane. b. The primary active transport uses ATP while secondary transport helps replenish ATP. c. Both primary and secondary transport moves solutes against their concentration gradients.arrow_forwardOsmosis is the flow of solution from higher concentration to a solution of lower concentration through a semi permeable membrane. What is incorrect in this statement? A. Exact concentration of solution is not given B. Character of semi permeable membrane is not given C. The flow of solution is not possible through semi permeable membrane D. All are incorrectarrow_forwardWhich of the following is the driving force for facilitated diffusion? a. GTP-GDP exchange b. Phosphorylation c. ADP Hydrolysis d. concentration gradient e. ATP Hydrolysisarrow_forward
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