Concept explainers
Introduction:
Cellular membrane, nucleus, and cytoplasm are the three major components of a cell. Cellular membrane, which surrounds the entire cell, is composed of phospholipids and proteins. Peripheral proteins are generally found on the membrane surface and are temporarily attached to one face of the plasma membrane. Membrane proteins that traverse the entire cell membrane alone can serve as a membrane channel. A membrane channel aids in the transfer of solutes from one side of the cell membrane, which is selectively permeable, to the other side of the membrane. Such integral proteins are called as transmembrane proteins. Carriers are transmembrane proteins present in the plasma membrane.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 3 Solutions
LSC (CONCORDIA UNIV ST PAUL) BIO 315/316: B&N DPF Connect with APR and Phils Online Access for Anatomy and Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function 180 Day Access ENTRP
- What are the functions of adhesion receptors?arrow_forwardGap junctions and tunneling nanotubes are two distinct types of direct intracellular communication. In comparing and contrasting gap junctions and tunneling nanotubes, which of the following statements is true? gap junctions provide a portal for small molecules, proteins and small organelles to move from cell to cell, tunneling nanotubes only permit small molecules to pass between cells typically, there are only two gap junctions that exist between adjacent cells that are communicating via this mechanism; on the other hand, there are many tunneling nanotubes between communicating cells both gap junctions and tunneling nanotubes can pass small molecules between cells none of the above is truearrow_forwardDescribe the two phenomena that give rise to the diversity of adhesion molecules such as cadherins. What additional phenomenon gives rise to the diversity of integrins?arrow_forward
- Describe the THREE classes of plasma membrane receptors.arrow_forwardDraw a diagram of a membrane receptor and include the following details. Include a depiction of the plasma membrane with which it is associated; label the locations of the extracellular space, the cytoplasm, and the ligand-binding domain.arrow_forwardDescribe surface membrane barriers and their protective functions.arrow_forward
- Summarize the major types of selective cell-cell adhesions. Describe the structure and role of tight junctions in epithelial sheets and adhesion junctions and gap junctions in all tissues. Explain the function of signaling receptors and their ligands in cell-cell interactionsarrow_forwardFactors that affect the rate of diffusion through a membrane include all of the following EXCEPT: a)membrane surface area. b) molecular weight. c) availability of energy. d) steepness of concentration gradient.arrow_forwardCell communication a) There are six main principles for transmitting a chemical signal between cells, name and describe two. b) How does a signal that binds to the surface of the cell reach all the way to the nucleus? c) What does it mean that a signal is G protein linked?arrow_forward
- Cancer is a complicated series of diseases characterized by over-proliferation of cells within a tissue. While in some instances the primary tumor is the ultimate cause of death, in many cases the primary tumor metastasizes, or moves, through the lymph system to invade other tissues. The migration of tumor cells requires changes in the adhesion properties of the cell that allow it to move and invade more readily. There are several molecules involved in cell-to-cell connections and cellular architecture: laminins, matrix metalloproteinases, cadherins, and integrins. While mutations in genes that control the cell cycle or recognize DNA damage are the causes of tumor cell formation, tumor cell spread to other tissues may be caused by mutations in the genes the code for these extracellular proteins. The loss of cellular connections, cellular identification and signaling, and tissue structure may lead to the release of expanding tumor cells into the circulatory and lymphatic systems. Once…arrow_forwardIdentify and describe the basic role of cell surface receptors and intracellular receptors.arrow_forwardDefine Integrin adhesion receptor– mediated signaling pathways control diverse cell functions.arrow_forward
- Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BiologyISBN:9780134580999Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. HoehnPublisher:PEARSONBiology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStaxAnatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781259398629Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa StouterPublisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
- Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)BiologyISBN:9780815344322Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter WalterPublisher:W. W. Norton & CompanyLaboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781260159363Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, CynthiaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)BiologyISBN:9781260231700Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael WindelspechtPublisher:McGraw Hill Education