Chapter 3, Problem 3.12P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The reaction is to be completed using curved arrow. The process is to be classified as a Brønsted acid-base reaction or a Lewis acid-base association/dissociation. The each species are to be labeled as Brønsted base, Brønsted acid, nucleophile, nucleophilic centre, electrophile, electrophilic center, or leaving group. The curved arrow(s) for the reverse reaction is to be drawn. The same exercise is to be done for the reverse reaction.

Concept introduction:

According to Brønsted theory of acids and bases, a substance that donates hydrogen ions $\left({\text{H}}^{\text{+}}\right)$ to any other substance is known as an acid. On the other hand, a substance that accepts hydrogen ions $\left({\text{H}}^{\text{+}}\right)$ is known as base. The species that remains after donating proton by a Brønsted acid is known as its conjugate base.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The reaction is to be completed using curved arrow. The process is to be classified as a Brønsted acid-base reaction or a Lewis acid-base association/dissociation. The each species are to be labeled as Brønsted base, Brønsted acid, nucleophile, nucleophilic centre, electrophile, electrophilic center, or leaving group. The curved arrow(s) for the reverse reaction is to be drawn. The same exercise is to be done for the reverse reaction.

Concept introduction:

Lewis acid-base association reaction involves the transfer of a proton from a base to an acid. Lewis acid accepts an electron pair. It acts as an electrophile. Lewis base donates an electron pair. It acts as a nucleophile.