Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The hybridization of each nonhydrogen atom in norethynodrel is to be determined.
Concept introduction:
Answer to Problem 3.38P
Atom | Hybridization |
sp |
Explanation of Solution
The structure of Norethynodrel is as below:
The nonhydrogen atoms are highlighted with red color and numbered.
According to VSEPR theory,
According to VSEPR theory,
According to VSEPR theory, the
According to VSEPR theory,
According to VSEPR theory, geometry of an atom has been determined, and from the geometry of the atom, its hybridization has been determined.
(b)
Interpretation:
The total number of
Concept introduction:
Answer to Problem 3.38P
There are total fifty-one
Explanation of Solution
The structure of Norethynodrel is as below:
There is one C=C triple bond in norethynodrel molecule. Each triple bond is composed of two
From the
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 3 Solutions
Get Ready for Organic Chemistry
- Octocrylene is an ingredient found in topical sunscreens. It is a water-resistant molecule that helps protect skin against harmful UVA and UVB radiation. (a) What is the hybridization of each nonhydrogen atom? (b) Circle all atoms bonded to the acyclic C=C double bond that are required to be in the same plane. (c) Are there two unique configurations possible about the acyclic C=C double bond? Explain. (d) Which of the two C-C single bonds indicated by arrows would you expect to be shorter? Explain. Octocrylenearrow_forwardH genistein HO, H H : ОН HO, H (a) Is the hybridization of each C in the right-most ring the same? Explain. (b) Is the hybridization of the O atoms in/on the center ring the same as that of the O atoms in the OH groups? Explain. (c) How many carbon-oxygen o-bonds are there in genistein? How many carbon-oxygen n-bonds? (d) Do all the lone pairs on the oxygens occupy the same type of hybrid orbital? Explain by labeling the hybridization of each oxygen atom in genistein.arrow_forward(a) Determine the hybridization of each N atom in ibrutinib, a drug used to treat mantle cell lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. (b) In what type of orbital does the lone pair on each N atom reside? (c) How many sp2 hybridized atoms does ibrutinib contain?arrow_forward
- The unmistakable odor of a freshly cut cucumber is largely due to cucumber aldehyde.(a) How many sp2 hybridized carbon atoms does cucumber aldehyde contain? (b) What is the hybridization of the O atom? (c) What orbitals are used to form the carbon–oxygen double bond? (d) How many σ bonds does cucumber aldehyde contain? (e) How many πbonds does it contain?arrow_forwardThe unmistakable odor of a freshly cut cucumber is largely due to cucumber aldehyde. (a) How many sp2 hybridized carbon atoms does cucumber aldehyde contain? (b) What is the hybridization of the O atom? (c) What orbitals are used to form the carbon–oxygen double bond? (d) How many σ bonds does cucumber aldehyde contain? (e) How many π bonds does it contain?arrow_forwardEstimate whether the compound will have a large, small, or zero dipole moment. (a) CF4(b) CH3CHO(c) CH2“CHClarrow_forward
- Januvia, the trade name for sitagliptin, was introduced in 2006 for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. (a) In what type of orbital does the lone pair on each N atom reside?arrow_forward(a) Draw Lewis structures for ethane 1C2H62, ethylene1C2H42, and acetylene 1C2H22. (b) What is the hybridizationof the carbon atoms in each molecule? (c) Predict whichmolecules, if any, are planar. (d) How many s and p bondsare there in each molecule?arrow_forwardEpinephrine(or adrenaline;see structure) is a naturally oc-curring hormone that is also manufactured commercially for useas a heart stimulant, a nasal decongestant, and to treat glaucoma (a) What is the hybridization of each C, O, and N atom? (b) How many σ bonds does the molecule have? (c) How many π elec-trons are delocalized in the ring?arrow_forward
- In the hydrocarbon: (a) What is the hybridization at each carbon atom in themolecule? (b) How many σ bonds are there in the molecule?(c) How many π bonds? (d) Identify all the 120° bond anglesin the molecule.arrow_forwardThe molecule shown below is called furan. It is represented intypical shorthand way for organic molecules, with hydrogenatoms not shown, and each of the 4 vertices representing acarbon atom. (a) What is the molecular formula for furan? (b) How manyvalence electrons are there in the molecule? (c) What isthe hybridization at each of the carbon atoms? (d) Howmany electrons are in the π system of the molecule? (e) TheC¬C¬C bond angles in furan are much smaller than thosein benzene. The likely reason is which of the following: (i) Thehybridization of the carbon atoms in furan is different fromthat in benzene, (ii) Furan does not have another resonancestructure equivalent to the one above, or (iii) The atoms in afive-membered ring are forced to adopt smaller angles than ina six-membered ring.arrow_forwardAcetyl salicylic acid (aspirin), the most widely used medi-cine in the world, has the Lewisstructure at right. (a) What is the hybridization of each C and each O atom? (b) How many localized π bonds are present? (c) How many C atoms have a trigonal planar shape around them? A tetra hedral shape?arrow_forward
- ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistryChemistryISBN:9781259911156Author:Raymond Chang Dr., Jason Overby ProfessorPublisher:McGraw-Hill EducationPrinciples of Instrumental AnalysisChemistryISBN:9781305577213Author:Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. CrouchPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9780078021558Author:Janice Gorzynski Smith Dr.Publisher:McGraw-Hill EducationChemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage LearningElementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Bind...ChemistryISBN:9781118431221Author:Richard M. Felder, Ronald W. Rousseau, Lisa G. BullardPublisher:WILEY